Ultimate Diligence Blog

單車 ‧ 血之謎 ─ 2012感人短篇 ep.10

2011-09-30T00:33:00.007+08:00

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1haqd3iEZeo

颱風納沙來襲香港商業活動停頓學校停課

2011-09-30T00:29:00.001+08:00

http://www.hkcd.com.hk/content/2011-09/29/content_2818587.htm

2011年 09月 29日 2:27pm

中新社香港9月29日電 (記者曾嘉)隨著颱風“納沙”靠近，香港天文臺29日提升熱帶氣旋警告級別，發出8號東南烈風或暴風信號(風球)。全港商業活動停頓，學校停課，市內交通除地鐵外大都停駛；多處發生棚架及大樹倒塌，至少2人受傷。

天文臺在淩晨4時40分將3號風球升級，發出8號風球警告。至上午11時，颱風“納沙”最接近香港，在香港西南偏南350公里左右掠過，天文臺指8號烈風或暴風信號將會在日間大部分時間維持。

早晨記者出門，發現風勢伴隨陣雨時斷時續，但雨量不大。平時摩肩接踵的灣仔、銅鑼灣街道今天行人稀少，電車、巴士及渡輪等運輸工具停運，僅地鐵等軌道交通有限度提供服務。不過不少食肆都照常營業，有市民趁停工到電影院觀影，售票處前排起長龍。

航空方面，機管局表示，截至上午11時，有48班離港及35班抵港航班要延遲，8班取消，另外兩班轉飛廣州及廈門。國泰及港龍兩大公司則表示目前航班維持正常。

全港市內一切商業活動停頓，學校白天停課，各種公開活動也都相繼取消，公立醫院只提供急診服務，港交所則全天休市。民政事務總署在各區開放共18個臨時庇護站，於颱風襲港期間供有需要的市民暫住。

特區政府新聞處設立颱風最新情況新聞中心。記者瞭解到，截止發稿時為止，在強風吹襲下當局收到122宗塌樹、7宗棚架及水泥倒塌報告，至少2人受傷。其中新蒲崗太子道東，有巨型棚架塌下擊中一輛的士，乘客受傷送院。

而在港島柴灣一住宅小區對開海面，一艘工程船在淩晨懷疑因錨鏈斷裂，被大浪沖向岸邊。消防部門表示，工程船撞岸後，由於船上吊臂及運輸帶突出，一度距離居民樓僅約10米，所以疏散1至8樓居民至附近商場暫避。其後威脅減低，居民陸續返回寓所。待天氣穩定後，相關部門會安排拖船將工程船拖走。

據外媒報道，颱風納沙早前吹襲菲律賓，已造成35人死亡、45人失蹤。

2009-09-14(一)天文台改發八號烈風信號

2009-09-14T19:08:00.002+08:00

強烈熱帶風暴「巨爵」已增強為一颱風，天文台於14日下午5時55分發出八號東北烈風或暴風信號。

天文台表示，在下午6時，「巨爵」集結在香港之東南偏南約200公里，即在北緯20.6度，東經114.8度附近，預料向西北偏西移動，時速約16公里，移向廣東西部海岸。

八號東北烈風或暴風信號下，本港吹東北風，平均風速每小時超過62公里。現時本港離岸及高地間中吹烈風。本港普遍風力會進一步增強。

「巨爵」正採取較為偏北路徑。本港低窪地區可能因巨爵帶來的風暴潮而出現水浸。請有關居民及早作出預防措施，減少損失。

過去1小時，橫瀾島及長洲分別錄得的最高持續風速為每小時88及59公里，最高陣風分別為每小時103及76公里。

教育局宣布，幼稚園、肢體傷殘、智障兒童學校及職業訓練局，所有殘疾人士技能訓練中心今天全日停課。

機場運作維持正常，但機管局表示，晚上航班或會受天氣影響而有延誤，旅客出門前，應先向航空公司查詢最新的航班資料。

資料來源：
http://hk.news.yahoo.com/article/090914/3/e7pf.html

盜版片成本高 PS3賣況「最差」

2009-09-07T16:49:00.002+08:00

三大電玩主機Xbox 360、Wii和PS3，以PS3在國內的賣況「最差」，主因「栽」在盜版商手上，因為PS3藍光遊戲片的盜版成本太高，盜版商無利可圖，反而Xbox 360、Wii的大賣是靠一張一百至一百五十元的盜版光碟。目前三大主機的正版遊戲一片從一千兩百元至兩千元，也就是說只要買五、六版遊戲片就可以抵一台主機的費用，這也正是為何業者願意賠錢賣主機、而靠遊戲片賺錢的原因。但台灣Xbox 360和Wii的玩家，只要花一千到一千五的改機費，就可以玩盜版遊戲，讓微軟和任天堂痛心不已。

而PS3一片藍光空白片成本要三百至四百元，遠貴於盜版Xbox 360和Wii的十元一片，加上藍光光碟容量大複製過程時間較緩慢，且操作相當複雜，因此讓PS3玩家目前非買正版遊戲不可。

盜版遊戲光碟目前主要集中在中小學附近的遊戲光碟交換店和光華商場附近，Wii遊戲光碟每片賣一百元、Xbox 360每片一百到一百五，也有透過網路貨到取款方式。改機業者甚至還以賣套餐方式賣盜版遊戲，改機加贈十片光碟，連還沒在台上市的正版遊戲，盜版商都能賣。

資料來源：
http://mag.udn.com/mag/digital/storypage.jsp?f_MAIN_ID=321&f_SUB_ID=2944&f_ART_ID=210240

2009-08-04(二)天文台晚上9時40分改掛八號風球

2009-08-05T02:11:00.002+08:00

(星島)2009年8月4日星期二 21:45

香港天文台晚上9時40分改發八號東南烈風或暴風信號，預料本港吹東南風，平均風速每小時超過 62 公里。

在下午 10 時，強烈熱帶風暴天鵝集結在香港天文台之西南約 100 公里，即在北緯 21.7 度，東經 113.4 度附近，預料向西北或西北偏北移動，時速約 10 公里，移向珠江口以西海岸。

根據現時預測途徑，天鵝將於未來數小時最接近本港，並在香港以西約 100 公里範圍掠過，香港西部地區受天鵝的影響會較大。

在過去一小時，長洲錄得的最高持續風速為每小時 67 公里，最高陣風為每小時 77 公里。

預料鰂魚涌的海水高度會在明早 (8 月 5 日 ) 6 時至 10 時期間上漲至海圖基準面以上 2.9 米，海水上漲可能會引致上環低窪地區出現水浸。

八號烈風或暴風信號－防風措施報告：

1. 請各位盡快完成家中各項防風措施，將窗門鎖緊，若有可能，請在門窗背後，加上橫閂。將膠紙條貼在當風的大玻璃窗上，萬一玻璃破裂，亦可以減少損失。同時請清除去水渠口的落葉及垃圾。

2. 因為海面有非常大浪，水流湍急且方向不定，市民應該遠離岸邊及停止所有水上活動。

3. 有關最新天氣消息，請留意電台或電視台在每小時的十五分、三十分、四十五分及五十八分的廣播，或瀏覽香港天文台網頁。

資料來源：
http://hk.news.yahoo.com/article/090804/3/djbc.html

2009-07-18(六)莫拉菲襲港改發八號風球

2009-07-19T01:59:00.001+08:00

天文台在晚上11時半，改發八號西北烈風或暴風信號，預計颱風莫拉菲將非常接近本港。

天文台預料本港吹西北風，平均風速每小時超過62公里。在午夜12時，颱風莫拉菲集結在香港天文台以東約100公里，預料向西北偏西移動，時速約24公里，移向大鵬半島一帶。

天文台預料，莫拉菲會在午夜至黎明時分非常接近香港。本港會普遍吹烈風並有狂風大雨。按照現時路徑，本港會在黎明前後逐漸轉吹西南風，原先受屏蔽的地方將變得當風，市民應及早作好準備。

在過去一小時，塔門及長洲分別錄得的最高持續風速為每小時60及49公里，最高陣風分別為每小時100及69公里。

資料來源：
http://hk.news.yahoo.com/article/090718/4/d9eb.html

中國IT領袖峰會舉行

2009-03-29T22:09:00.002+08:00

昨天，被譽為“中國資訊產業層次最高的年度盛會”的2009中國（深圳）ＩＴ領袖峰會在五洲賓館隆重舉行，國家發改委副主任張曉強、工業和資訊化部副部長婁勤儉就本次峰會召開發來賀信，市長許宗衡出席開幕式並致辭，市委常委、常務副市長許勤主持開幕式。李彥宏、馬化騰等50多位國內ＩＴ業界精英圍繞“金融海嘯後的中國高科技產業”主題，發表了精彩演講。

　　許宗衡代表深圳市委市政府對峰會首次在深圳召開表示熱烈歡迎和衷心祝賀。他指出，深圳是中國改革開放的窗口和試驗田，是全國最重要的經濟中心城市之一，也是目前全國唯一的國家創新型城市試點城市，是綜合性國家高技術產業基地。經過多年的發展，電子資訊產業已成為深圳的第一大支柱產業。2008年全市ＩＴ產業產值達到7839．2億元，增長13．4％，產值約佔全國電子資訊產業的1／6。深圳已經成為全國重要的電子資訊產品製造基地、出口基地、配套中心和交易中心，深圳擁有一批具有國際競爭力的ＩＴ企業。以華為、中興、騰訊為代表的ＩＴ企業，面對國際金融危機的挑戰，在逆勢中實現了強勁增長，行業地位不斷提升，顯示出了強大的競爭力，為深圳抗擊國際金融危機發揮了中流砥柱的作用。

　　許宗衡表示，未來我們將最大限度地優化ＩＴ產業發展環境，努力吸引人才，集聚產業資源、全力做大做強、做精做好ＩＴ產業，把深圳打造成為世界級ＩＴ產業的中心城市。這次峰會的舉辦將引領和推動全國ＩＴ產業的發展，對有效地應對國際金融危機、促進經濟的平穩較快增長具有重大而積極的意義，希望深圳ＩＴ企業能借此機會，積極加強與國內外ＩＴ頂尖企業的學習與交流，努力吸收各种先進的創新理念和管理經驗，進一步促進深圳的ＩＴ產業發展。同時，企盼國內外ＩＴ企業領袖關注並繼續支援深圳，歡迎來深圳投資興業，深圳市委市政府將竭盡全力創造最好的環境、提供最優質的服務，與大家共謀發展、共創輝煌。

　　作為本次峰會主辦方之一，數字中國聯合會主席吳鷹表示，數字中國聯合會成立7年時間，致力於為資訊化產業力量和各行業搭建彰顯價值、溝通交流的橋梁。經過多年的精心培育和打造，“數字中國高峰論壇”已經成為中國層次最高的傳統資訊產業年度盛會，也是最具價值的企業精英和投資人的集中聚會，更是牽引中國電子資訊產業未來發展和市場走向、探索資訊化方略的重要標桿，今年該峰會首次移師深圳，並首次增加公開論壇。

　　據了解，峰會的三個論壇分別圍繞“3Ｇ時代”、“互聯網與多媒體”和“投資”展開，分別由美通無線董事長王維嘉、亞信集團董事長丁健和美林集團主席劉二飛主持，邀請李東生、王文京、徐少春、鄧中翰、王中軍、王志東等企業家就當前的熱點話題進行討論，共同為金融海嘯下的高科技產業指點迷津。本次峰會公開論壇吸引企業領導、投資機構負責人、銀行家、分析師、媒體記者等500余人參加。晚上舉行的閉門論壇有60多名企業家和投資人進行深入的溝通交流。

　　公開論壇結束後，許宗衡會見與會嘉賓，併為22名企業精英頒發“深圳互聯網產業高級顧問”聘書。據悉，為了促進深圳電子產業特別是互聯網產業的跨越式發展，充分調動和利用社會資源，發揮資訊技術領域著名人士在推動深圳互聯網產業發展的積極作用，市政府經研究，決定聘請22名深圳互聯網產業高級顧問。

資料來源：
http://big5.ce.cn/cysc/tech/07ityj/guonei/200903/29/t20090329_18649381.shtml

工商銀行去年淨賺1112億元成為全球最盈利銀行

2009-03-29T22:01:00.001+08:00

工商銀行股份有限公司昨晚公佈的2008年度經營業績顯示：工行實現稅後利潤1112億元(人民幣，下同)，較上年同期增長35.2%；每股收益為0.33元。

這已經是工行自2003年以來連續第六年實現高增長。2008年，工行鞏固了「全球市值最大銀行」的地位，並成為全球最盈利的銀行。

核心資本充足率10.75%

年報顯示，2008年工行的平均總資產回報率為1.21%，加權平均權益回報率為19.43%，分別較2007年提高19個基點和320個基點；淨利息收益率為2.95%，較2007年末提高15個基點。成本收入比為29.84%，較上年下降5.18個百分點，保持了良好的成本控制水平。資本充足率保持在13.06%，其中核心資本充足率為10.75%。雄厚的資本實力保障了工行的持續發展能力。董事會建議派發末期息每10股1.65元(含稅)，較2007年增加24.06%。

不良貸款再次「雙降」

工行行長楊凱生介紹，截至2008年末，工行的不良貸款餘額比2007年末下降了73億元，不良率下降0.45個百分點至2.29%，連續9年實現了不良貸款絕對額和占比的「雙下降」。撥備覆蓋率達到130.15%，同比提高26.65個百分點，抗風險能力進一步增強。另據工行董事長姜建清介紹，2008年，工行新增人民幣貸款5368億元，同比多增1901億元，增幅為14.3%，貸款增量居同業首位。

高管自降年薪10.3%

年報顯示，2008年工行高管稅前收入從高到低前五位分別是董事長姜建清(161萬元)、行長楊凱生(153.3萬元)、副行長張福榮(138.1萬元)、副行長牛錫明(138.1萬元)、副行長李曉鵬(138.1萬元)。

工行董事長姜建清與行長楊凱生昨天表示，為了與企業共渡當前的經濟難關，他們自願降薪10.3%。

高盛80%限售股延期

昨天，針對此前高盛集團擬出售部分工行股權的傳聞，工行特意邀請高盛集團副董事長對此進行澄清稱，高盛承諾將其持有的80%限售股自動延長到2010年4月28日。高盛同時表示，目前該公司並不急需資金。姜建清表示，對於戰略投資者出於發展的考慮減持工行股票的，工行充分理解。姜建清還宣佈，工行的三家戰略投資者(高盛、美國運通、安聯集團)聯合發表了不減持決定。若鎖定期滿後減持，也不會考慮在二級市場出售。

資料來源：
http://news.cnyes.com/dspnewsS.asp?rno=9&fi=%5CNEWSBASE%5C20090327%5CWEB1876&vi=34273&sdt=20090325&edt=20090327&top=50&date=20090327&time=15:19:42&cls=index15_totalnews

不要爭辯!!!

2008-12-07T02:22:00.002+08:00

當我們被別人無理的對待時, 我們最初可能只是想解釋而已, 因為我們大家都知道「多一個朋友不如少一個敵人」, 但問題是, 這些用無理的對待我們, 很明顯這些人根本是無理的人, 所以就算我們向他們解釋, 他們也不會明白, 反而當我們解釋給這些無理的人聽的時候, 會令我們由向他們解釋變成向他們爭辯, 而爭辯慢慢便會變成爭吵, 之後慢慢便會動手, 之後便會變成人命傷亡, 並且在以後相方也會變成敵人, 但最初我們是不想和他們對立的, 因為我們知道「多一個朋友不如少一個敵人」, 但為何最終大家會演變成敵人呢？問題就在於「動口」！常常聽到有人說「動口不動手」, 但我覺得這句說話不對, 我覺得就算是「動口」也不可以, 因為大家之所以「動手」, 其實根本是因為最初的「動口」, 而且因為對方是一個無理的人, 所以「動口」只會惹起大家的怒氣而已, 聖經中的說話真是有智慧, 其實在聖經的箴言中, 一早已講了這個問題的解決辦法了。

「愚昧人若靜默不言也可算為智慧；閉口不說也可算為聰明。」(箴17:28)

所以當大家遇到類似情況的時候, 如果不想動怒, 首先當遇到別人無理對待的時候, 便不要「動口」！

不可以惡報惡!!!

2008-12-06T22:05:00.002+08:00

「不從惡人的計謀，不站罪人的道路，不坐褻慢人的座位，惟喜愛耶和華的律法，晝夜思想，這人便為有福！」(詩1:1-2)

我們很多時當和弟兄姊妹相處的時候, 都會互相忍讓, 互相饒恕, 但相反地, 我們可能很討厭外邦人, 覺得他們很邪惡, 因為這些外邦人喜歡利用人和欺騙人, 非常詭詐, 所以我們可能很瞧不起外邦人, 很想和他們爭一日之長短, 所以很多時當我們被一些外邦人無端端和無理地對待的時候(例如被他們「威嚇」、「謾罵」、「冤枉」), 我們便會「憤憤不平」和「憤世嫉俗」, 並且很嫉妒他們, 我們想對他們「以惡報惡」、「以其人之道還以其人之身」, 我們便想用和這些惡人一樣的方法來教訓他們, 實行以牙還牙, 老羞成怒, 讓他們知道他們之前對我們的無理對待是錯的, 但這樣我們豈不是以靠惡的方法, 來使他們不再靠惡嗎?

但這樣便會有兩個問題產生, 第一, 這好明顯是無用的, 因為一個靠惡的人是不會因為另一個靠惡的人而令自己不再靠惡的, 並且仲有可能因為這樣而變成更加靠惡的人, 而第二, 我們這樣做本身就是錯, 因為我們是不可能用世界的方法來使別人不再靠惡的, 聖經中, 主耶穌亦有講我們不可以惡報惡, 亦不可以牙還牙, 並且亦不可以辱罵還辱罵。

讓我們緊記聖經的話, 和實際行出聖經的方法去與人相處：

「不以惡報惡，以辱罵還辱罵，倒要祝福；因你們是為此蒙召，好叫你們承受福氣。」(彼前3:9)

「然而主的僕人不可爭競，只要溫溫和和的待眾人，善於教導，存心忍耐，用溫柔勸戒那抵擋的人；或者神給他們悔改的心，可以明白真道，叫他們這已經被魔鬼任意擄去的，可以醒悟，脫離他的網羅。」(提後2:24-26)

粉碎忿怒的靈!

2008-11-12T02:27:00.011+08:00

我們一定要敗壞「忿怒的靈」! 大家知道為甚麼嗎? 因為「忿怒的靈」已不斷侵蝕「我們和家人的關係」和「我們和朋友的關係」了, 這是一個很嚴重的問題, 我們一定要正視和盡快處理這個問題, 好明顯, 這問題是刻不容緩的!

相信大家都對「家和萬事興」很認同, 因為我們有很多人都是在一個吵吵鬧鬧的家庭中長大, 父母常常吵架, 並且我們在長大中, 也常常無理地被父母責罵。

但當我們認識神之後, 我便知道神才是我最終的依靠, 並且我們基督徒是不應該忿怒的, 因為我們要成為一個有愛心和有神性格的「善」人, 而不是要成為一個「惡」人。

就算父母用一些很難聽的說話罵我, 這又與我何干呢?

他們用這些說話罵我, 其實想將「忿怒的靈」傳給我, 難道我要被動地接受嗎?

如果我用番一些很難聽的說話罵番他們, 咁豈不是代表我接受這「忿怒的靈」嗎?

相信主耶穌也明白這點, 所以在當時, 就算有很多人罵祂和諂媚祂, 祂也不還口, 亦不還手。

有很多人以為：「動口不動手!」但其實這是錯的! 如果我們罵番他們, 忿怒的靈便會傳給我們, 而事實上, 最終的「動手」是來自最初的「動口」, 所以我們不要動手, 也不要動口!

為甚麼這些忿怒的人常常都以忿怒的方法去處理每一件他所遇到的事情呢? 可能因為他們常常處於不開心當中, 並且不滿意自己現在所擁有的生活和生活方式, 或者和別人缺乏溝通, 又或者對別人不誠懇, 又或者常常向別人隱瞞事實的真相, 又或者他們生活太沉悶了, 想以罵人來打發時間, 或者想用罵人來顯示自己的存在, 又或者想用罵人來使別人覺得他們很重要(因為當別人覺得自己很重要的時候, 自己的生存價值是會提升的), 又或者想用罵人來操控和控制別人, 又或者他們曾經或長時期被別人無理對待和責罵, 並且受到不公平的對待, 所以他們便惱羞成怒, 他們為了要發洩他們心中的忿忿不平和委屈, 他們便以不斷責罵其他人的方法(就算別人根本無得罪他, 或者他們錯誤地解讀別人做事的動機), 將他們內心的忿怒傳給其他人, 因為他們覺得他們唯有用不斷罵人的方法, 才能令他們內心的忿怒得以臨時舒緩下來。

但不論他們忿怒的最根深的原因是甚麼, 他們用忿怒去解決事情一定是錯的! 因為用忿怒的方法, 從未不會解決到問題, 這只會使問題變成更嚴重和更複雜而已!

聖經中也有提到：「當止住怒氣，離棄忿怒；不要心懷不平，以致作惡。」(詩37:8), 如果我們想持守永生, 便一定不可忿怒, 因為忿怒會令我們作惡, 而作惡便會令我們成為惡人, 而聖經中講, 惡人是上不到天堂的, 所以我們一定不可以忿怒, 這是大家在每時每刻也要緊記著的。

這些人只識得「靠惡」去令到別人照著他的意思去做, 並且藉著「靠惡」去消除自己的不安和不滿, 但他們這樣做, 便已經證明他已經是一個惡人, 而惡人是上不到天堂的, 因為在聖經中, 主耶穌說：「光來到世間，世人因自己的行為是惡的，不愛光，倒愛黑暗，定他們的罪就是在此」(約3:19)。

並且通常這些惡人都是自以為義的, 而主耶穌講自以為義的人都是上不到天堂的, 因為在聖經中, 主耶穌說：「康健的人用不著醫生，有病的人纔用得著」(太9:12)。

他們想用罵人來發洩自己的不滿, 但可惜的是, 他們用錯方法了! 他們用撒旦的方法, 又怎會使他們得到真正的滿足呢? 有很多父親便中了撒旦的詭計, 他們竟然用忿怒去罵他們所最愛的妻子和兒女, 這樣便令到妻子和兒女也處於不開心當中, 而父親亦處於不開心當中, 最終, 便導致有很多原本也是深愛對方的夫妻選擇了離婚, 並且連累他們的兒女在單親家庭中長大, 這樣便影響到他們的兒女的成長, 這都是因為他們接受了「忿怒的靈」所致, 所以當有人罵我們, 我們便知道這個人是帶著「忿怒的靈」, 之後我們便要說：「想傳「忿怒的靈」給我, No Way!」

並且忿怒其實是很可怕的, 因為一個忿怒的人, 通常仲會有埋怨、論斷、記仇(這是念恩的相反), 苦毒、嫉妒、陰險、誹謗、抵毀, 並且會用很多很難聽的說話(例如罵人低能仔或者傻仔), 並且會用很多粗口罵人, 如果有人用這些說話罵你, 很明顯, 這一定是「忿怒的靈」, 如果你罵番佢, 這便中了撒旦的詭計, 因為如果我們罵番他們, 這樣「忿怒的靈」便會傳給我們, 所以我們一定不可還口。

這些人只懂注重別人的錯誤和缺點, 之後不停地一直罵一直罵, 並且說很多粗言穢語, 直至對方也和他一樣忿怒為止, 這些人根本就是惡人, 所以惡人自然會努力地使別人也好像他一樣變成惡人, 而這些惡人他們以為沒有做錯, 他們以為他們只是做一些他們喜歡做的事情而已, 他們以為他們沒有甚麼不對, 但他們其實是正在努力地擴展撒旦的國度, 他們自己也不自知, 並且他們以為他正在做一些自己以為「義」的事情, 但事實上, 他們只是「自以為義」而已, 他們自己內心的思想根本常常處於不穩定和情緒化當中, 並且他們可能因為從小便受到不公平和不公義的對待, 並且可能他們從小的家境便很貧窮, 再加上他們根深柢固的「憤世嫉俗」和「憤憤不平」, 所以令到他們當一遇到不稱心的事情的時候, 他們便會「攞別人出氣」, 但當然, 這些惡人其實是很「欺善怕惡」的, 所以他們都不會找一些很惡的人為出氣的對象, 而他們亦不會找一些和他們有利益關係和生意來往的人為出氣對象, 因為他們知道, 如果得罪他們, 他們便可能少了很多金錢上的利益, 而他們通常會找他們的妻子或兒女(如果他已是別人的丈夫和父親的話), 又或者一些脾氣好和很和善的人為出氣的對象, 因為這些惡人知道, 就算得罪了他們, 他們亦不怕會被尋仇, 並且亦不怕會有金錢上的損失, 而事實上, 他們的妻子和兒女, 很多時他是由這些惡人養活的, 並且這些惡人知道, 就算他們是如此的自私和無理, 他的家人也不會離開他, 和繼續和他同住, 因為很多時兒女年紀很少, 不會自食其力, 而妻子又不想自己的兒女在單親家庭下成長, 所以這些惡人的家人會一直強忍下去, 和一直受到他丈夫的出氣對象。

如聖經所講：「惡人的道好像幽暗，自己不知因甚麼跌倒。」(箴4:19)

這些惡人真是愚蠢, 他們自以為義, 但事實上他們所行的其實根本是惡, 而他們自己也不自知, 還理直氣壯地認為他們正在行義, 真是可悲, 難怪有些人說神對人的最大懲罰, 莫過於神使惡人繼續成為惡人, 但當然, 如果他們下地獄, 責任是這些惡人自己承擔的, 因為他們自己選擇成為惡人的, 其實神原本賜給我們每一個人一個良心, 但這些惡人, 竟然埋沒他們自己的良心, 如聖經所講：「這等人的良心如同被熱鐵烙慣了一般」(提前4:2), 雖然他們最初可能因為受到一些惡人的不正平對待而選擇自己變成惡人, 但聖經講我們一定不可以成為惡人, 因為這只會敗壞自己的人生和百害而無一利, 我們的人生是神所創造的, 所以我們無權糟蹋自己的人生, 相反, 我們要善用自己的人生去祝福和幫助一些正處於困苦當中和受到不公平對待的人!!!

聖經亦有講到我們不要嫉妒惡人和心懷不平：
「不要為作惡的心懷不平，也不要向那行不義的生出嫉妒。」(詩37:1)
「你當默然倚靠耶和華，耐性等候他；不要因那道路通達的和那惡謀成就的心懷不平。」(詩37:7)
「當止住怒氣，離棄忿怒；不要心懷不平，以致作惡。」 (詩37:8)
「不要為作惡的心懷不平，也不要嫉妒惡人。」(箴24:19)
「義人的光明亮；惡人的燈要熄滅。」(箴13:9)
「因為，惡人終不得善報；惡人的燈也必熄滅。」(箴24:20)

一定要緊緊的記著, 忿怒最終只會令我們變成惡人, 而善良最終會使我們變成善人, 並且找到真神和得著永生!

讓我們好像以下的經文般, 效法主耶穌, 就算被罵也不還口, 受害也不說威嚇的話, 只要做好自己便可以了, 就算別人錯誤地解讀我的動機, 並且無理地不停破口大罵, 這又與我何干呢? 讓我們每時每刻也要緊緊地記著：「要以主耶穌和天上的事為念！」

彼前2:23
「他被罵不還口；受害不說威嚇的話，只將自己交託那按公義審判人的主。」

2008-10-17(五)希臘隊4億年薪誘高比

2008-10-22T03:22:00.002+08:00

【明報專訊】意大利傳媒近日報道，希臘球隊奧林比亞高斯向湖人射手高比拜仁開出每年估值超過3.88億港元（5000萬美元）的合約，附送別墅、遊艇、跑車等超豪華設備，誓吸引這名NBA超級球星轉戰歐洲。

送別墅跑車遊艇連女僕

今夏奧林比亞高斯才以除稅後薪酬1.55億元（2000萬美元），跟鷹隊後衛查達斯簽約3年，率先掀起NBA球員投奔歐陸的熱潮。高比拜仁在參加北京奧運時，已有記者問及假如有球隊給予年薪3.88億元，他是否會否考慮轉戰歐洲，當時他暗示這並非天方夜譚﹕「這價錢太瘋狂了吧，根本不用詳細考慮就可決定啊！」

踏入而立之年的高比新球季在湖人的年薪為1.65億元（2126萬美元），但據報奧林比亞高斯提出的3年合約，平均每年價值遠超3.88億元。當中包括免稅的3年薪金合共6.44億元（8300萬美元），第2和第3年還可選擇不履行合約，能隨時返回NBA比賽。

奧林比亞高斯還不惜工本附送一幢面向地中海的別墅連管家和女僕、一輛跑車連司機、一艘遊艇連船員，以及保證包辦高比兒女於希臘的學費和經理人的佣金，甚至答應為高比興建能容納至少1.5萬的NBA標準主場館。

資料來源：
http://hk.sports.yahoo.com/081016/42/334nn.html

2008-09-19(五)今日有明顯的反彈

2008-09-19T20:48:00.001+08:00

我仲以為今日會再跌, 怎料今日竟然是大升。相信是因為昨日道指大升, 之後帶動今日港股也大升。

今日恒指收市報19327.73, 大升1695.27, 升了9.61%。

2008-09-18(四)現在好似有少少股災的跡象...

2008-09-19T00:53:00.003+08:00

傳說中的股市大崩盤好似要來臨了!!! 大家準備好資金入市了嗎?

最近美國經濟不景, 繼前幾日, 雷曼弟兄要結業後, 很可能很多大行也會相繼結業, 令到很多投資者也人心惶惶, 很多投資者也恐慌性拋售他們的股票, 看來美國的經濟在短期內也會繼續走入坡, 很多大公司也「岌岌可危」, 很多股份也被洗倉, 因為美國經濟不景, 今到全世界的經濟也受到很大的影響, 看來美國的壞消息仲未出齊, 政府會否出手救市呢? 今日的跌市是終極一跌, 還是跌市的開始? 政府會出手救市, 還是會眼白白睇住股市繼續跌, 之後才「亡羊補牢」?

在今日(2008-09-18(四)和昨日(2008-09-17(三)的美國股市又大跌了, 拖累港股亦都下跌, 今朝更加一開市便跌穿17000, 雖然在下午明顯跌幅收窄, 但以現時來看, 美國的經濟需要一至五年的時間才可復甦, 真係唔知道今次的「金融海嘯」會到幾時才會停止.......

對很多人來說, 這絕對是壞消息, 因為很多人已入了很多貨, 眼見自己的資產一日一日的貶值, 很多人也會以極平的價錢去沽出自己所以的資產, 但其實是錯誤的, 因為股市遲早也會升番上去, 這是股市的定律, 而且巴菲特往往也會在這個時候出手, 例如在1987年和2001年, 他亦出手趁低吸納, 巴菲特也認為股災是絕佳的出手良機, 但當然我們要選擇績優股, 因為劣質的股票, 可能永遠也不會回升, 但有實力的公司, 其股價一定會回升, 所以在股災時趁低吸納優質股仍然是值得的!!!

American Express

2008-06-15T21:44:00.004+08:00

American Express (NYSE: AXP), sometimes known as "AmEx" or "Amex", is a diversified global financial services company, headquartered in New York City. The company is best known for its credit card, charge card and traveler's cheque businesses.

The company's common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the ticker symbol "AXP." It is one of the 30 stocks that comprise the Dow Jones Industrial Average and is ranked as the 74th largest company by Fortune. In 2007, BusinessWeek and Interbrand ranked American Express as the 14th most valuable brand in the world, estimating the brand to be worth US$20.87 billion.[1]

The current CEO is Kenneth Chenault, who took over in 2001.

History

Early history

American Express was founded in 1850, in Buffalo, New York, as a joint stock corporation that was a merger of the express mail companies owned by Henry Wells (Wells & Company), William Fargo (Livingston, Fargo & Company), and John Butterfield (Butterfield, Wasson & Company), as an express business.[2] American Express first established its headquarters in a building at the intersection of Jay Street and Hudson Street in what was later called the TriBeCa section of Manhattan, and enjoyed a virtual monopoly on the movement of express shipments (Goods, Securities, Currency, etc.) throughout New York State. In 1874, American Express moved its headquarters to 65 Broadway in what was becoming the Financial District of Manhattan, a location it was to retain through two buildings.[3]

American Express buildings

In 1854, the American Express Co. purchased a lot on Vesey Street in New York City as the site for its stables. The company's first New York headquarters were in an impressive marble Italianate palazzo at 55-61 Hudson Street between Thomas Street and Jay Street (1857-58, John Warren Ritch), which had a busy freight depot on the ground story with a spur line from the Hudson River Railroad. A stable was constructed nearby at 4-8 Hubert Street, between Hudson Street and Collister Street (1866-67, Ritch & Griffiths), five blocks north of the Hudson Street building.

The company prospered sufficiently that headquarters were moved in 1874 from the wholesale shipping district to the budding Financial District, and into rented offices in two five-story brownstone commercial buildings at 63 and 65 Broadway, between Exchange Alley and Rector Street, and between Broadway and Trinity Place that were owned by the Harmony family.[4]

In 1880, American Express built a new warehouse behind the Broadway Building at 46 Trinity Place, between Exchange Alley and Rector Street. The designer is unknown, but it has a façade of brick arches that are redolent of pre-skyscraper New York. American Express has long been out of this building, but it still bears a terra cotta seal with the American Express Eagle.[5] In 1890-91 the company constructed a new ten-story building by Edward H. Kendall on the site of its former headquarters on Hudson Street.

By 1903, the company had assets of some $28 million, second only to the National City Bank of New York among financial institutions in the city.[citation needed] To reflect this, the company purchased the Broadway buildings and site.[citation needed]

At the end of the Wells-Fargo reign in 1914, an aggressive new president, George Chadbourne Taylor (1868-1923), who had worked his way up through the company over the previous thirty years, decided to build a new headquarters. The old buildings, dubbed by the New York Times as "among the ancient landmarks" of lower Broadway, were inadequate for such a rapidly expanding concern. In March 1914, Renwick, Aspinwall & Tucker filed for the construction of a 32-story concrete-and steel-framed office tower in which all of the company's operations, then in four separate buildings, were to be consolidated. The building proposal of 1914 was abandoned, probably due to the war in Europe, but was resurrected two years later in a reduced form, at an estimated cost of $1 million.[4]
65 BroadwayThe 21-story (plus basement), neo-classical, American Express Co. Building, was constructed in 1916-17 to the design of James L. Aspinwall, of the firm of Renwick, Aspinwall & Tucker, the successor to the architectural practice of the eminent James Renwick, Jr.. The building consolidated the two lots of the former buildings with a single address: 65 Broadway. This building was part of the "Express Row" section of lower Broadway at the time. The concrete-and-steel-framed building has an H-shaped plan with tall slender wings arranged around central light courts, a type of plan employed from the 1880s through the 1910s to provide offices with maximum light and air. Faced in white brick and terra cotta above a granite base, both facades employ the tripartite composition of base-shaft-capital then popular for the articulation of skyscrapers, with a colonnaded base and upper portion. The famous American Express Eagle adorns the building twice: there is an asymmetric eagle on the lower arch, while a symmetric eagle adorns the arch atop the building. The Broadway entrance features a double-story Corinthian colonnade with large arched windows. The building completed the continuous masonry wall of its block-front and assisted in transforming Broadway into the "canyon" of neo-classical masonry office towers familiar to this day[6]

American Express sold this building in 1975, but retained travel services here. The building was also the headquarters over the years of other prominent firms, including investment bankers J.& W. Seligman & Co. (1940-74), the American Bureau of Shipping, a maritime concern (1977-86), and currently J.J. Kenny, and Standard & Poors, who has renamed the building for itself[4][6]

Nationwide expansion

American Express extended its reach nationwide by arranging affiliations with other express companies, (including Wells, Fargo – the replacement for the two former companies that merged to form American Express.) railroads, and steamship companies.[3]

Financial services

In 1882, American Express started its expansion in the area of financial services by launching a money order business[3] to compete with the US Post Office's money orders.

Sometime between 1888 and 1890, J.C. Fargo took a trip to Europe and returned frustrated and infuriated. Despite the fact that he was president of American Express and that he carried with him traditional letters of credit, he found it difficult to obtain cash anywhere except in major cities. Mr. Fargo went to Marcellus Flemming Berry and asked him to create a better solution than the traditional letter of credit. Mr. Berry introduced the American Express Traveler's Cheque which was launched in 1891 in denominations of $10, $20, $50, and $100.[7]

Traveler's cheques established American Express as a truly international company. In 1914, at the outbreak of the First World War, American Express offices in Europe were among the few companies to honor the letters of credit (issued by various banks) held by Americans in Europe, despite other financial institutions having refused to assist these stranded travellers.

[edit] Loss of railroad express business

American Express became one of the monopolies that President Theodore Roosevelt had the Interstate Commerce Commission investigate during his administration. The interest of the ICC was drawn to its strict control of the railroad express business. However, the solution did not come immediately to hand.[3] The solution to this problem came as a coincidence to other problems during World War I.

During the winter of 1917, the US suffered a severe coal shortage and on December 26 President Woodrow Wilson commandeered the railroads on behalf of the US government to move US troops, their supplies, and coal. Treasury Secretary William Gibbs McAdoo was assigned the task of consolidating the railway lines for the war effort. All contracts between express companies and railroads were nullified and McAdoo proposed that all existing express companies be consolidated into a single company to serve the country's needs. This ended American Express's express business, and removed them from the ICC’s radar. The result was a new company called the American Railway Express Agency company formed in July 1918. The new entity took custody of all the pooled equipment and property of existing express companies (the largest share of which, 40%, came from American Express, who had owned the rights to the express business over 71,280 miles of railroad lines, and had 10,000 offices, with over 30,000 employees).

American Express today

Current CEO Kenneth Chenault took over leadership of American Express from Harvey Golub, CEO from 1993 till present. Prior to that, it was headed by James D. Robinson III from 1977 to 1993.

Travel Division

American Express established a Travel Division in 1915 that tied together all of the earlier efforts at making travel easier, and soon established its first travel agencies.

Charge card services history

American Express executives discussed the possibility of launching a travel charge card as early as 1946, but it was not until Diners Club launched their own card in March 1950 that American Express began to consider seriously the possibility. At the end of 1957, American Express CEO Ralph Reed decided to get into the card business, and by the launch date of October 1, 1958 public interest had become so significant that they actually issued 250,000 cards prior to the official launch date. The card was launched with an annual fee of $6, $1 higher than Diners Club, to be seen as a premium product. The first cards were paper, with the account number and cardmember's name typed. It was not until 1959 that American Express began issuing embossed ISO 7810 plastic cards, an industry first.

In 1966, American Express introduced the Gold Card and in 1984 the Platinum Card, clearly defining different market segments within its own business, a practice that has proliferated across a broad array of industries. The Platinum Card was billed as super-exclusive and had a $250 annual fee (it is currently $450). It was offered by invitation only to American Express customers with at least 2 years of tenure, significant spending, and excellent payment history.

In 1987, American Express introduced the Optima card, their first credit card product. Previously, all American Express cards had to be paid in full each month, but Optima allowed customers to carry a balance (the charge cards also now allow extended payment options on qualifying charges based on credit availability). Although Optima is no longer heavily promoted, Optima and Optima Platinum cards are still available on the American Express website. Today American Express offers a wide range of other credit card products including co-branded cards like the JetBlue Card and the Starwood Preferred Guest Card, as well as other credit cards promoting customer rewards like the Blue from American Express Card and the Blue Cash Rebate Card.

In 1994, the Optima True Grace card was introduced. The card was unique in that it offered a grace period on all purchases whether a balance was carried on the card or not (as opposed to traditional revolving credit cards which charge interest on new purchases if so much as $1 was carried over.) The card was discontinued a few years later; however, the currently-available One from American Express card offers a similar feature called "Interest Protection."

In 1999, American Express introduced the Centurion Card which is often referred to as the "black card," catering to an even more affluent and elite customer segment. The card charged a $1,000 annual fee at the time of its introduction (today, it is $2,500 with an additional one-time initiation fee of $5000) and offered (and continues to offer) a variety of exclusive benefits. There have always been rumors of a super-exclusive card that gives American Express' richest and most powerful customers special perks. It was this rumor that caused Amex to profit off the word-of-mouth and sparked the launch of Centurion.[8]

The company made another addition to its products in 1999 by introducing Blue from American Express, which quickly became a popular card among young adults due to an appealing marketing campaign directed towards a youthful demographic. Based on a successful product for the European market, Blue had no annual fee, a rewards program, and a multi-functional onboard chip. A cashback version, "Blue Cash", quickly followed.

American Express also launched an exclusive agreement with Costco in 1999, replacing an earlier agreement with Discover Card. Under the agreement, American Express cards replaced Discover as the only credit/charge card accepted at the warehouse club in the US, and American Express became the first and only credit/charge card accepted at Costco's locations outside the US. To introduce Costco members to American Express, a no-annual-fee co-branded cashback credit card was also introduced. An added benefit of the agreement for the Costco member is the annual Costco membership fee is billed the American Express card.[clarify] The agreement was highly successfu[citation needed]l and was renewed in 2004 for an additional 10 years.

As of 2005, the US Centurion card has a $2500 annual fee, while other American Express cards range between no annual fee (for Blue and many other consumer and business cards) and a $450 annual fee (for the Platinum Card.) Annual fees for the Green card start at $95, while Gold card annual fees start at $125.

In 2005, American Express introduced Clear, advertised as the first credit card with no fees of any kind. It also incorporates the ExpressPay technology premiered with the Blue card. Also in 2005, American Express introduced One, a credit card with a "Savings Accelerator Plan" that contributes 1% of eligible purchases into an FDIC-insured High-Yield Savings Account. Other cards introduced in 2005 included "The Knot" and "The Nest" Credit Cards from American Express, co-branded cards developed with the wedding planning website theknot.com. They have also introduced City Reward Cards that earn INSIDE Rewards points to eat, drink, and play at New York, Chicago and LA hot spots.

Also in 2005, American Express introduced ExpressPay, a MasterCard PayPass clone, based on a wireless RFID payment method, that requires a card to simply be waved in front of a special reader and not swiped. This technology replaced the smart chip on the Blue card. Many US merchant and restaurant partners including 7-Eleven, CVS/pharmacy, McDonald's, Regal Entertainment Group, and Ritz Camera, now offer ExpressPay at most or all of their locations. The technology was tested on the ski bus from Salt Lake City to local resorts.

In 2006, the UK division of American Express licensed the Product Red brand and began to issue a Red Card. With each card member purchase the company contributes to good causes through The Global Fund to help African women and children suffering from HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases.

In 2007, American Express again raised the annual fee for their American Platinum charge cards, moving the Personal cards fee to $450, and the Business division to $395. With the increase, customers now receive four complimentary companion coach tickets per calendar year. Additionally, a long rumored "relationship" fee of $5,000 to establish a Centurion card was added. The annual fee of $2,500 remains the same, however. In late 2007, they announced their new Plum Card as the latest addition to their card line. The card provides a 2% early pay discount or up to two months defer pay on purchases. However, the 2% discount is only available for billing periods where you spend at least $5,000. The first 10,000 cards will be issued to members on December 16.[9]

Features: Some versions of the card include various features such as Damage waiver on cars rented with the card, and accident insurance during travel bought with the card.

The "Boston Fee Party"

From the early 1980s until the early 1990s, American Express was known for cutting its merchant fees (also known as a "discount rate") to merchants and restaurants if they accepted only American Express and no other credit or charge cards. This prompted competitors such as Visa and MasterCard to cry foul for a while as the tactics "locked" restaurants into American Express.

However, in 1991, several restaurants in Boston started accepting and encouraging the use of Visa and MasterCard because of their far lower fees as compared to American Express's fees at the time (which were about 4% for each transaction versus around 1.2% at the time for Visa and MasterCard). A few even stopped accepting American Express credit and charge cards. The revolt, known as the "Boston Fee Party" in reference to the Boston Tea Party, quickly spread nationwide to over 250 restaurants across the US, including restaurants in other cities such as New York City, Chicago, and Los Angeles. In response, American Express decided to reduce its discount rate gradually to compete more effectively and add new merchants to its network such as supermarkets and drugstores. Many elements of the exclusive acceptance program were also phased out so American Express could effectively encourage businesses to add American Express cards to their existing list of payment options.

Currently, American Express' average US merchant rate is about 2.5%, while the average Visa/MasterCard credit card US merchant rate is about 2% (Visa/MasterCard signature debit cards are at 1.7%). Some merchant sectors, such as quick-service restaurants including McDonald's, have special reduced rates to accommodate business needs and profit margins.

Not all the changes from 1991 have taken wind: A very small number of restaurants in major cities still exclusively accept American Express because the vast majority of their customers primarily use Amex cards.[citation needed] Likewise, Neiman Marcus accepts only American Express and their store card; however, the current exclusive agreement with American Express is due to expire soon and may not be renewed as an exclusive agreement.[citation needed] Costco also has an exclusivity agreement with American Express; however, Costco's agreement with Amex was the result of a long negotiation process for exclusive acceptance with multiple parties that also included Visa, MasterCard, and Discover.

Financial services history

During the 1980s, American Express embarked on its dream to become a financial services supercompany. In mid-1981 it purchased Shearson Loeb Rhoades Inc the second largest securities firm in the US. In 1984 it purchased the 90-year old Investors Diversified Services, bringing with it a fleet of financial advisors and investment products. Also in 1984, American Express acquired the investment banking and trading firm, Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb, and added it to the Shearson family, creating Shearson Lehman/American Express. In 1988, the Firm acquired E.F. Hutton, forming Shearson Lehman Hutton until 1990, when the Firm's name became Shearson Lehman Brothers. When Harvey Golub took the reins in 1993 he negotiated the sale of Shearson's retail brokerage and asset management business to Primerica and in following year, spun-off of the remaining investment banking and institutional businesses as Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.

In April 1992, American Express spun off its subsidiary, First Data Corp., in an IPO. Then, in October 1996, the company distributed the remaining majority of its holdings in First Data Corp., reducing its ownership to less than 5%.

In December 2000, American Express agreed to acquire the credit card portfolio of Bank of Hawaii, then a division of Pacific Century Financial Corp. In January 2006, American Express sold its Bank of Hawaii card portfolio to Bank of America (MBNA). Bank of America will issue Visa and American Express cards under the Bank of Hawaii name.

Until 2004, Visa and MasterCard rules prohibited issuers of their cards from issuing American Express cards in the United States. This meant, as a practical matter, that U.S. banks could not issue American Express cards. These rules were struck down as a result of antitrust litigation brought by the U.S. Department of Justice, and are no longer in effect. In January 2004, American Express reached a deal to have its cards issued by a U.S. bank, MBNA America. Initially decried by MasterCard executives as nothing but an "experiment", these cards were released in October of 2004. Some said that the relationship was going to be threatened by MBNA's merger with Bank of America, a major Visa issuer and original developer of VISA. However, an agreement was reached between American Express and Bank of America on December 21, 2005. Under the terms of the agreement, Bank of America will own the customer loans and American Express will process the transactions. Also, American Express will dismiss Bank of America from its antitrust litigation against Visa, MasterCard and a number of U.S. banks. Finally, both Bank of America and American Express also said an existing card-issuing partnership between MBNA and American Express will continue after the Bank of America-MBNA merger. The first card from the partnership, the no-annual-fee Bank of America Rewards American Express card, was released on June 30, 2006.

Since then, Citibank, GE Money, and USAA have also started issuing American Express cards. Citibank currently issues several American Express cards including an American Airlines AAdvantage co-branded card, while GE is currently issuing a co-branded card for Dillard's. HSBC Bank USA is currently testing both HSBC-branded and Neiman Marcus co-branded American Express rewards credit cards, with a full rollout scheduled for late 2007 or early 2008. Also, UBS launched its Resource Card program for US Wealth Management clients issuing Visa Signature credit cards and American Express charge cards linked to their customers accounts and employing a single rewards program for the two cards.

In 2005, American Express released the American Express Travelers Cheque Card, a stored-value card that serves the same purposes as a traveler's cheque, but can be used in stores like a credit card. The card has since been discontinued as of October 31, 2007, due to "changing market conditions". All cardholders were issued refund checks for the remaining balances.

On 30 September 2005, American Express spun off its American Express Financial Advisors unit as a publicly traded company, Ameriprise Financial, Inc.. Due to this, American Express revenues for 2005 are down around $5 billion, however, like-for-like they are up 10.5% in 2005. Also, on September 30, 2005, RSM McGladrey acquired American Express Tax & Business Services (TBS).

Advertising

In 1975, David Ogilvy of Ogilvy & Mather developed the highly successful "Don't Leave Home Without It" ad campaign for American Express Traveler's Cheques, featuring Oscar-award-winning actor Karl Malden. Karl Malden served as the public face of American Express Travelers Cheques for twenty-five years. His television ads were a combination of suspense, excitement, news, and a compelling call to action. First, you would see a thief stealing money from some poor unsuspecting tourist's wallet or beach bag or hotel room. Then Karl would arrive on the scene looking like the cop he played in the famous television series, Streets of San Francisco. He would say, "This could happen to you!" And then the call to action: "Don't let a thief spoil your vacation. Get American Express Travelers Cheques. Don't leave home without them." After Karl Malden's departure, and the card was promoted over the traveller's cheques, American Express continued to use celebrities. A typical ad for the American Express Card began with a celebrity asking viewers: "Do you know me?" Although he/she gave hints to his/her identity, the star's name was never mentioned except as imprinted on an American Express Card; after which announcer Peter Thomas told viewers how to apply for it. Each ad concluded with the celebrity reminding viewers: "Don't Leave Home Without It." The "Don't Leave Home Without It" slogan was revived in 2005 for the prepaid American Express Travelers Cheque Card.

The long-running PBS children's TV series, "Sesame Street" parodied the "Do you know me?/Don't Leave Home Without It" ad campaigns with three skits involving a Muppet Character holding a Grown-Up Friend's Hand while crossing the street. One skit featured Forgetful Jones (performed by Richard Hunt) with Olivia (Alaina Reed Hall) as his Grown-Up Friend, a second featured Bert and Ernie (Frank Oz and Jim Henson respectively) with Gordon (Roscoe Orman) as their Grown-Up Friend, and the third featured Big Bird (Carroll Spinney) with Bob (Bob McGrath) as his Grown-Up Friend. All three skits ended with their names being embossed at the bottom of a card looking like an American Express Card that had a big human left hand in the middle with the words "Grown-Up Friend's Hand" above it, and a voiceover saying "A Grown-Up Friend's Hand. Don't cross the street without it."

Another parody was seen on an episode of the CBS game show, "Press Your Luck," when the animated "Whammy Character" would give the "Do you know me?" tag line, followed by the display of an AmEx card-parody, which then had "WHAMMY" typed in on the bottom line of the card.

The 1989 movie, Major League also parodied the campaign. In one scene, in which every player is dressed in a tuxedo, the Cleveland Indians tell viewers of the film why every player carries the American Express Card with much of the explanation done one line at a time by players Jake Taylor (Tom Berenger), Eddie Harris (Chelcie Ross), Rick "Wild Thing" Vaughn (Charlie Sheen), Pedro Cerrano (Dennis Haysbert), and Roger Dorn (Corbin Bernsen), and Manager Lou Brown (James Gammon). The scene ends with Willie "Mays" Hayes (a tuxedo-clad Wesley Snipes) sliding into home plate in front of the rest of the team, holding up his card and saying to the viewers: "The American Express Card. Don't steal home without it."

To this day, American Express continues to use celebrities in their ads. Some notable examples include a late 1990s ad campaign with comedian Jerry Seinfeld, including the two 2004 webisodes in a series entitled "The Adventures of Seinfeld and Superman." In late 2004, American Express launched the "My life. My card." brand campaign (also by Ogilvy & Mather) featuring famous American Express cardmembers talking about their life. The ads have featured actors Kate Winslet, Robert De Niro, Ken Watanabe and Tina Fey, Duke University basketball coach Mike Krzyzewski, fashion designer Collette Dinnigan, comedian and talk show hostess Ellen DeGeneres, golfer Tiger Woods, professional snowboarder Shaun White, tennis pros Venus Williams and Andy Roddick, Chelsea Football Club manager José Mourinho, and film directors Martin Scorsese, Wes Anderson, M. Night Shyamalan and most recently singer Beyonce Knowles. In 2007, a two-minute black-and-white ad entitled "Animals" starring Ellen DeGeneres won the Emmy Award for Outstanding Commercial.

Workplace

Offices

In April 1986 American Express moved its headquarters to the 51-story Three World Financial Center in New York City. After the events of September 11, 2001, American Express had to leave its headquarters temporarily as it was located directly opposite to the World Trade Center and was damaged during the fall of the towers. The company began gradually moving back into its rehabilitated building in 2002.

The company also has major offices in Fort Lauderdale, FL; Salt Lake City, UT; Greensboro, NC and Phoenix, AZ. The main data center is located in Phoenix, with a secondary back-up facility in the Boston area.

Amex Canada is based just north of Toronto, in the City of Markham.

American Express has an 8-storey European Service Center, known as Amex House in Brighton, England. It is a large 1970s-built white tower block, surrounded by several other smaller offices around the city. Amex House deals with card servicing, sales, fraud and merchant servicing. The official UK HQ is located in London at Belgrave House on Buckingham Palace Road, SW1; other UK offices are based in Sussex at Burgess Hill.

The Asia-Pacific Headquarters is located in Singapore, at 16 Collyer Quay.

The headquarters of the Latin America & Caribbean division is in Miami.

The headquarters of the Australian division is in Sydney's King Street Wharf area, with the new state-of-the-art building receiving greenhouse status due to the environmentally friendly workspace that it provides.

Diversity

American Express was named one of the 100 Best Companies for Working Mothers living in the U.S. in 2006 and 2007 by U.S. based Working Mothers magazine.

Acquisition of American Express Bank Ltd. by Standard Chartered plc

On 18 September 2007, it was announced that Standard Chartered plc agreed to acquire American Express Bank Ltd, a commercial bank, from American Express Co, for an estimated $1.1 billion, through a friendly divestiture process. The transaction is currently subject to regulatory approvals. Lehman Brothers is advising American Express in this deal.

資料來源：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Express

2008-05-04(日)五一高端產品3D係列熱銷海爾熱水器奪冠

2008-06-15T21:44:00.002+08:00

08年，消費者們迎來了首個“五一”小黃金周，家電市場也進入了裝修和換機的銷售高峰期。雖然假期比以往有所減少，但是消費者的購買熱情絲毫未減，與以往不同的是，隨著今年白電價格的普遍上漲和大眾消費品味的提升，越來越多的消費者把目光投向了強勢品牌的高端產品，以電熱水器為例，在今年的電熱市場“黃金爭奪戰”中，海爾加熱速度快、出熱水量大的3D係列電熱水器，以其優異的性能和穩定的價格贏得了消費者的認可，3天內銷售量已達到530臺。

海爾熱水器貨真價實

在五一期間的各大賣場中記者發現，“黃金周”期間，很多國外品牌開始玩起價格花樣兒，期間銷售的電器價格和漲價前一樣，看似節日期間讓利不少，實際上是在上演一出羊毛出在羊身上的鬧劇。而與之相對的是海爾熱水器等行業領軍品牌，確實沒有漲價，並且還在節日期間讓利消費者。

據國美家電部銷售經理表示，今年的五一市場，消費者普遍對漲價比較敏感，在這種情況下，國產品牌的價格優勢更加明顯，拿具有3D動態加熱的海爾TT係列電熱水器來說，這款機器能夠實現極速加熱和超大水量，很好的滿足了電熱水器消費者對加熱時間和水量的需求，更難得的是，這款高端機的價格非常穩定，因此備受消費者的青睞，在熱水器賣場中銷售成績驚人也是必然。

假期減半海爾產品銷量未減

記者發現，海爾熱水器專櫃前人頭攢動，導購小姐告訴記者，一上午忙得她沒時間喝水，而海爾五一假期前兩天的銷量已經接近去年7天的銷量了，“不漲價為我們贏得了很多消費者的好感，而TT係列電熱水器的優越性能更為我們贏得了更多的用戶” 銷售人員這樣說道，“海爾TT係列一直是我們的銷售冠軍，有些消費者購買後還推薦給了親朋好友，所以很多前來購機的人直接就要求下單購買。”

海爾研發部王部長告訴記者：海爾3D電熱水器所採用的最新技術——3D動態加熱技術，集合了中科院力學研究所以及海爾眾多研發人員的智慧，在出水量上達到自身容量的四倍，在加熱速度上，夏天可以實現開機即洗，達到了電熱水器行業領先水平，3D動態加熱方式實現了立體式、全方位加熱，確保加熱過程沒有死角。這不僅有助于將熱能利用最大化，更加高效節能，是一項革命性的技術，而且海爾3D係列熱水器功率也很小，即便是一些六七十年代的老樓房，也可順利安裝。“在研發上緊貼消費者需求，在銷售上把實實在在的好處帶給用戶，這是海爾熱水器一直堅持貫徹的理念”，王部長說道。

業內人士分析，海爾熱水器已經形成由防電墻技術、安全預警技術、金剛三層內膽技術、以及3D動態加熱技術、五大節能技術、電話遠程遙控技術等組成的“技術體係”。在產品性能與價格方面，國產大品牌顯然更懂得抓住國內消費者的心，在3D動態加熱技術之前，各熱水器企業曾推出多項創新技術。但相比之下，海爾的3D熱水器顯然更受消費者歡迎。

資料來源：
http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/www.sd.xinhuanet.com/wq/2008-05/04/content_13155185.htm

2008-05-03(六)中國三大銀行躋身全球前四大銀行行列

2008-06-15T21:43:00.004+08:00

世界著名諮詢機構波士頓諮詢集團最新發佈的《世界銀行實力研究報告》顯示，截至2007年底，中國三大銀行躋身全球前四大銀行行列，其中中國工商銀行憑藉3,400億美元的市值成為世界第一大銀行。中國建設銀行排名第二，中國銀行排在匯豐銀行之後位列第四。受美國信貸危機的影響，歐美各大銀行市值嚴重縮水，美國銀行和花旗銀行僅分列第五、六位。報告顯示，受次貸危機的影響，美國和歐洲的幾大主要銀行紛紛遭受巨額虧損。而次貸危機也使價值數百億美元的住房抵押貸款證券大幅貶值。截至去年底，北美和西歐銀行的總市值下跌了6,950億美元。與此同時，被譽為「金磚四國」的中國、俄羅斯、印度和巴西銀行的總市值則上漲了7,530億美元。

影響中國外貿的四大因素

1.美國次貸危機對發達國家市場和消費者信心都造成了負面影響；

2.國際市場原材料價格增幅大；

3.人民幣匯率變化大；

4.去年實施的一系列有針對性的宏調措施，如下調出口退稅等。

中國出口增長的兩大挑戰

1.國際製造業已開始向東南亞等低成本國家轉移，與相關出口產品形成競爭；

2.三率（退稅率、匯率、利率）、兩價（原材料價格、勞動力價格）削弱部分產品的出口競爭力。

資料來源：
http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/jw!8EaRnyKBHxkS.1YKFnSDD2o-/article?mid=5766

2008-05-02(五)數碼收發站：A50中國基金可追入

2008-06-15T21:43:00.002+08:00

恆指近期走勢平穩，美股於13,000點附近爭持，恆指於26,000點亦遇到一定阻力，內地股市持續反彈，對港股會有一定支持，但相信不會對大市有太大刺激作用。大型股份於低位大幅反彈後開始遇到阻力，大市平穩有利個別股份炒作，相信後市會步入炒股不炒市的階段，投資者可於不同股份中尋寶。

　內地股市持續反彈，投資氣氛明顯好轉。上海綜合指數由上年10月的高位6000點以上開始下跌，跌至最低3000點以下，累積跌幅超過50%。近期股市於低位開始反彈，再加上奧運臨近，相信反彈仍會持續，要完全受惠內地股市反彈，投資者應考慮A50中國基金(2823)及標智滬深300基金(2827)。

內地投資氣氛已好轉

　內地股市之所以作出大幅調整，乃中央一系列冷卻股市的措施所致。內地股市被稱為「政策市」，原因是中央經常採取行政手段去干預股市的走勢。上年為了加大股市的深度，增加股份的流通數量以阻止股市產生泡沫，中央先後加快了股改(大小非解禁)的步伐、鼓勵紅籌回歸，鼓勵新上市公司以先A後H的形式上市等。大量股份流入市場，再加上中央其他宏調措施，股市因而大幅回調。

　其實規範大小非解禁，可直接解決股民對股市內的股份供應量突然大幅上升的擔心，從而提高股民的入市信心，至於調減股票買賣印花稅方面，實際作用並不大，但對整體股市氣氛卻有正面影響。短期內連續推出兩救市措施反映中央救市心切，股民如何解讀中央的措施比措施本身的效用更為重要，相信內地的投資氣氛已經好轉，再加上奧運臨近，A股仍然有反彈空間。

　A50是一隻交易所買賣基金(ETF)，其投資目標是追蹤新華富時A50中國指數的走勢，此指數內包括市值最高之50間A股公司，指數內所指的A股是包含上海A股和深圳A股，並以人民幣作交易。對於不能夠投資A股的香港投資者，投資A50是看好A股時的最佳選擇。

　A50現時的持股包括招商銀行A股、內地龍頭級地產股萬科、中信證券、民生銀行、大唐發電A股、中國神華A股等等，由於全都是大型權重股，而且分散於不同版塊，所以A50基金的走勢與A股十分一致。

　投資A50要小心留意溢價，由於A50是一隻封閉式基金，故價格會受供求影響，在A股市旺的時候，A50的價格會比NAV高，由於早前A股持續下跌，令A50的溢價都有所下調，現時溢價水平大概1%左右，比起早前出現超過10%的溢價，現時屬於合理水平。A50現價19.04元，投資者可於現價買入，目標價21元，跌穿18元止蝕。

標智滬深300覆蓋面更廣

　至於標智滬深300，基本上運作機制與A50相類似，分別在於標智滬深300掛鉤的是滬深300指數，此指數包含了300隻在深圳及上海交易所上市的股票，佔兩個交易所總市值的六成，所以覆蓋範圍比A50更廣，股票在各行業分佈更加平均，亦包括了一些較小型的公司。(現價41.85元)

資料來源：
http://paper.wenweipo.com/2008/05/02/TZ0805020001.htm

糖尿病的成因

2008-06-15T21:40:00.003+08:00

時至今日，醫學界還未就糖尿病的成因定明確的結論，但大致上同意胰島素依賴型是主要是病毒感染所引起，由於體內胰島 B細胞受到損害和破壞，令胰臟受損，不能分泌胰島素，形成糖尿病。而非胰島依賴型則主要和遺傳、後天的飲食和生活習慣有關

胰島素是由胰臟分泌出來的荷爾蒙，它促使血液中的葡萄糖進入人體細胞，轉化為日常活動的能量；而把糖分儲藏為脂肪、肝糖或蛋白質的過程，亦有賴胰島素的協助。當胰島素分泌不足或不能發揮正常功效，葡萄糖便會積聚在血液中，形成血糖過高，多餘的糖分經由尿液排出體外形成糖尿病。

目前，糖尿病的成因仍有待研究。綜合而言，是由遺傳及環境因素配合而成。因此，對有家族病史的人士來說，要預防糖尿病，便應減少形成以下的誘發因素：

．肥胖（有肚腩）

．年長

．患有高血脂或高血壓

．妊娠性糖尿病史

．長期缺乏運動

．吸煙、酗酒

．精神壓力

糖尿病的初期一般都沒有明顯的徵狀，可能要到患者作身體檢查的時候才會被發現。而糖尿病較為明顯的徵狀以下幾個︰

1. 容易口渴

2. 精神不振、容易疲倦

3. 小便及夜尿頻密，排尿量增加

4. 體重下降

5. 傷口難以癒合

6. 下陰痕癢

7. 視力下降

8. 手腳麻痹

如果懷疑是否患有糖尿病，到醫生處檢查吧，輕微的可以吃藥控制，如你不理它，到嚴重時才知患病，便要每日打針。

參考資料
家人亦患有糖尿病

資料來源：
http://hk.knowledge.yahoo.com/question/?qid=7006072701133

2008-05-02(五)世界銀行實力報告：中國工商銀行市值第一

2008-05-03T03:25:00.001+08:00

波士頓諮詢集團發布「世界銀行實力研究報告」指出，截至二零零七年底，中國大陸三大銀行躋身全球前四大銀行行列，其中中國工商銀行憑藉三千四百億美元的市值名列第一。

　香港「文匯報」報導，報告顯示，中國建設銀行排名第二，匯豐銀行第三，中國銀行第四。受美國信貸危機影響，歐美各大銀行市值嚴重縮水，美國銀行和花旗銀行分列第五、六位。

　報告說，受美國次級房貸危機影響，歐美幾大主要銀行紛紛遭受巨額虧損，價值數百億美元的住房抵押貸款證券大幅貶值。

　截至去年底，北美和西歐銀行的總市值下跌六千九百五十億美元，被譽為「金磚四國」的中國大陸、俄羅斯、印度和巴西銀行的總市值上漲七千五百三十億美元。

　根據中國三大銀行二零零七年年報顯示，中國工商銀行淨利潤達人民幣八百二十二億五千四百萬元，比二零零六年增加百分之六十四點九；中國建設銀行淨利潤六百九十一億四千四百萬元，同比成長百分之四十九點二七；中國銀行集團淨利潤六百二十億三千六百萬元，同比成長百分之二十八點五三。

　據統計，今年第一季中國三大銀行利潤大幅成長，中國工商銀行首季淨利潤較去年同期成長百分之七十七，達三百三十一億元；中國建設銀行首季利潤達三百二十一億元；中國銀行淨利潤達兩百一十七億元。

　在當前信貸危機中，西方金融機構紛紛發布創紀錄的虧損，而中國大陸大銀行都在物色海外收購對象和擴展海外業務。

　中國工商銀行相關負責人透露，工行申設美國紐約分行、中東地區杜拜子銀行和澳洲雪梨分行的境外監管報批工作正穩步推進。

　中國建設銀行近日宣布成立海外投資併購決策小組。按建行去年底約四千兩百億元的淨資產推算，海外併購決策小組對單個項目的股權投資權限約八十億元。

　　中國銀行方面，市場盛傳中國銀行有意收購持有其股份的英國第二大銀行蘇格蘭皇家銀行（RBS）旗下的保險公司業務。

資料來源：
http://www.cdnews.com.tw/cdnews_site/docDetail.jsp?coluid=113&docid=100366792

全球四大銀行　中國雄踞三席

2008-05-03T03:23:00.001+08:00

中評社香港5月2日電／世界著名諮詢機構波士頓諮詢集團最新發佈的《世界銀行實力研究報告》顯示，截至2007年底，中國三大銀行躋身全球前四大銀行行列，其中中國工商銀行憑藉3,400億美元的市值成為世界第一大銀行。中國建設銀行排名第二，中國銀行排在匯豐銀行之後位列第四。受美國信貸危機的影響，歐美各大銀行市值嚴重縮水，美國銀行和花旗銀行僅分列第五、六位。

　　文匯報報道，報告顯示，受次貸危機的影響，美國和歐洲的幾大主要銀行紛紛遭受巨額虧損。而次貸危機也使價值數百億美元的住房抵押貸款證券大幅貶值。截至去年底，北美和西歐銀行的總市值下跌了6,950億美元。與此同時，被譽為“金磚四國”的中國、俄羅斯、印度和巴西銀行的總市值則上漲了7,530億美元。

利潤雙位增長首季百億入囊

　　根據中國三大銀行2007年年報顯示，中國工商銀行淨利潤高達822.54億元，同比增加64.90%；中國建設銀行淨利潤691.42億元，同比增長49.27%；中行集團淨利潤620.36億元，同比增長28.53%。

　　2008年，中國三大銀行的發展依舊保持強勁勢頭，第一季度三大銀行利潤大幅增長。其中躋身世界第一大銀行中國工商銀行第一季度淨利潤較上年同期增長77%，達到331億元人民幣。位列第二位的中國建設銀行第一季度利潤亦達到321億元人民幣。與此同時，中國銀行淨利潤同比增長85%，至217億元人民幣。

歐美銀行見紅海外收購提速

　　在當前的信貸危機中，西方金融機構正紛紛發佈創紀錄的虧損，中國所有的大銀行都在物色海外收購對象和擴展海外業務。中國工商銀行相關負責人透露，工行申設美國紐約分行、中東地區迪拜子銀行和澳大利亞悉尼分行的境外監管報批工作正在穩步推進。

　　此外，中國建設銀行在開中國國有銀行業海外併購美銀亞洲先河後，亦於近日宣佈成立海外投資併購決策小組，按建行2007年底約4,200億元的淨資產推算，這個海外併購決策小組對單個項目的股權投資權限在80億元左右。

　　而在中國持有美國次貸證券頭寸最多的中國銀行在海外併購方面亦有大動作，市場盛傳中國銀行有意收購持有其股份的英國第二大銀行蘇格蘭皇家銀行(RBS)旗下的保險公司業務。

資料來源：
http://www.chinareviewnews.com/doc/1006/3/4/4/100634401.html?coluid=10&kindid=253&docid=100634401&mdate=0502142619

2008-04-28(一)青島海爾收益遠遜於預期迫多名高管辭職

2008-05-03T03:22:00.001+08:00

昨日，海爾集團的A股上市公司青島海爾（600690.SH）和H股上市公司海爾電器（1169.HK）公佈了2007年年報。

青島海爾年報顯示，去年公司營業收入294.7億元，同比增長26.94%；歸屬於上市公司股東的凈利潤6.44億，比2006年同期增加15.74%.之前海爾發佈業績預增公告曾稱，預計2007年凈利潤增長50%以上，年報顯然遠不及預期。而海爾電器持續經營業務的收益為85.49億元，同比上升23.87%；年內溢利為2.26億元，同比下滑21.4%.有分析人士認為，這是近期海爾五大高管連續辭職的一個原因。而海爾在香港的上市公司狀況更不樂觀。海爾電器年報顯示，年內溢利為2.26億元，同比下滑21.4%；股東應佔純利1.72億港元，較06年同期倒退34.39%，每股盈利0.0929港元，公司不派末期息。

而成本及各種費用的上漲比較明顯。青島海爾年報顯示，該公司營業費用上漲75.36%，管理費用上漲30.47%，財務費用上漲1442.40%.不利因素短期內對家電行業發展造成一定壓力。“

值得注意的是，青島海爾董事王召興、張智春，獨立董事王超和副總經理張世玉近日集體辭職，其中董事張智春同時辭任董事會戰略委員會和審計委員會委員、公司副總經理和公司總經濟師職務。另外，青島海爾今年2月份公告，公司董秘紀東也選擇辭職。短短數月之內，已經有5位高管離開青島海爾。除獨立董事王超外皆為青島海爾2006年制定管理層股權激勵方案草案的重點獎勵對象。幾個高管在辭職後紛紛選擇拋售股票。劉步塵認為，“海爾是中國家電企業相對較好的企業，但也存在一些問題，2005年經營業績超過1000億，到2007年才超過1100億，增幅太慢。海爾到今天已經遇到了一些發展瓶頸。”

資料來源：
http://big5.ccidnet.com:89/gate/big5/news.ccidnet.com/art/952/20080428/1433831_1.html

海爾千日再造核心方案出爐張瑞敏力推三位一體

2008-05-03T03:21:00.001+08:00

2008年2月21日至4月17日，短短兩月，已經有5位高管提出辭職。其中王召興、張智春和張世玉三人都是海爾集團的創業元老，在海爾冰箱發展過程中曾發揮重要作用。
高管辭職的背後，是海爾流程再造已經取得了階段性的進展。知情人士稱，流程再造打破了事業部制，「沒有那麼多位子了，業績評定又不理想，不走能行嗎？」

這正值海爾集團流程千日再造週年，現在，海爾正在推行的「戰略、PBC(PersonalBusinessCommitment個人事業承諾)、日清」三位一體整體方案，這一方案被視為海爾這場千日流程再造的核心所在。

這一新體系為海爾集團首席執行官張瑞敏匯總咨詢專家意見所形成。海爾一份內部資料稱，近期海爾集團重點工作之一，就是通過推進三位一體系統方案，實現戰略落地。「一千天再造海爾」被稱為海爾的第四次大變革。

「三位一體」

三位一體整體方案實際上，就是一個如何將戰略落實到每天的日常行動的管理體系。海爾集團一位管理人員說，三位一體推進計劃中，戰略是PBC的綱，PBC代表承接戰略的意圖，日清體系則以S&OP(銷售&運營計劃)為主線保證PBC每天的到位。

而對於每個部分，都分別設定了若干項目，來保證落實。

比如在這份方案中，「戰略」要達到的目標之一就是戰略定位準確，公司要求各管理單元要對三年戰略及本年度的進度進行分解。為此目標，海爾要求有「見證性材料」，比如說，這些包括設定年預算，描繪未來的競爭形勢和戰略。而這些所謂的「見證性材料」將為市場所檢驗。比如說，某個季度的預算完成情況。若未完成，則相關結論被否定，此時，海爾將要求各單位提交分析差距原因和改善措施。

在這份方案中，「戰略」要達到的目標就是戰略定位準確，戰略路徑清晰，管理模式和個人發展目標能支持戰略的實施，公司要求各管理單元要對三年戰略及本年度的進度進行分解；PBC則要求管理人員對業務目標、員工管理目標、個人發展目標做出承諾；日清體系則是通過年預算、周預算、日工作預算與日清及相應的關閉差距的工作池來實現月預算到位、周推進會到位、日清到人。

該項計劃強調「差距關閉」，就是在項目中，要對未完成差距主要原因分析：為什麼不到位，差距問題池在哪裡，如何不犯重複的錯誤等等做出細節方案，從而預防問題的再次出現，而不僅僅是充當救火隊員到處滅火。

張瑞敏表示，海爾的卓越運營，即建立從目標到目標、從用戶到用戶的端到端的卓越流程，以具有競爭力的價格、最簡便的方式為用戶提供可靠的產品或服務。

在團隊建設上，海爾集團仍然推行1+1+N團隊工作機制，各下屬集團和部門仍將按照1+1+N(一個專家加上一個本部長加上一個團隊)的模式配備人員，希望以此整合全球一流人才，提升全球化運作能力。

績效

李華剛是海爾BCG(商業渠道集團)負責人，實現翻番增長是他2008年的PBC目標。每到週五，李華剛都要帶領自己的「1+1+N」團隊與海爾集團副總裁周仁傑進行溝通。

今年第一季度，BCG在全國召開了1600多場鄉鎮網絡會，拉動了三億多的銷售收入，BCG連續三個月實現了翻番增長。李華剛和他的團隊是海爾一季度業績最搶眼的一個。

「戰略、PBC、日清」三位一體整體方案從2007年底推廣至今，市場效果反證的數據看起來不錯。

青島海爾(600690，SH)4月25日公佈的2008年一季報財報顯示，第一季度淨利潤較上年同期增長32%，為1.730億元，高於上年同期時的1.313億元。收入增長28%，為82.4億元，上年同期是64.5億元。公告稱，這是「通過組織和流程再造，實現海爾的管理轉型」，「收入增長及產品獲利能力提升帶來收益增加」。

據稱，海爾一些單位在推行「戰略、PBC、日清」三位一體方案過程中，仍然出現不少問題，有些部門的「結論」就是不能通過，不是缺少「見證性材料」，就是「市場效果反證」出了問題了。

雖然各自的原因不同，張瑞敏指出，最根本的原因就是缺少用戶資源。他在指導意見中表示，獲取用戶資源是非常難的事情，首先，你先要確定誰是你的用戶；第二步，你要瞭解用戶的需求；第三步，你要分析自己的資源能不能滿足用戶的需求，如果不能滿足，應該怎樣去解決。

「用戶資源是企業最寶貴的生命線，獲取更多的用戶資源，就能使自己的戰略目標更清晰；戰略目標更清晰了，那實現目標的路徑也就自然清晰了。每位員工就都知道該怎麼幹了。」張瑞敏表示。

解決信息孤島

海爾的一個新部門——PSI部(ProcessSystemInnovation，流程系統創新)正在做著信息系統創新的工作。這個部門與海爾正在做的流程系統創新有著完全一樣的名字，它的領導者就是海爾集團的首席信息官陳廣乾。

「1000天流程系統創新(PSI)已經進行了365天，在過去的1/3時間段裡，集團重點在採購和製造環節進行了流程再造。」海爾一位高管對本報表示，「採購和製造環節完成流程再造的標誌，主要體現在信息系統已經完成了對製造系統、採購、物流系統、財務系統的整合，原來獨立的信息孤島如今都架起了隧道和橋樑，全部串起來了。」

「企業完全和國際上的大系統連接在一起，因為我們畢竟在海外有30個工廠，如果沒有這個系統的話，海外的工廠都成『海外孤兒』了，這是非常危險的。」張瑞敏曾表示。

流程系統創新部正夜以繼日完成「挖隧道」和「架橋樑」的任務。在他們看來，信息系統已經不是狹義的技術系統，而是一個「大」系統——信息技術與流程、創新充分融合、良性互動。

張瑞敏說，1000天實現流程系統創新，完成2000到2500個流程的構建。整個信息化要變成一個體系來做，做到產銷協同。這場信息化革命，實際上要產生一條管理的流水線。比競爭對手更快地為用戶提供更滿意的產品，或者提供一個更好的解決方案。

「千日再造流程任務可以說完成了一半吧。因為到目前為止，採購、製造、銷售三大環節中，作為銷售環節的商流部分，還沒有動起來。目前40多個銷售分公司都還保持原狀。這屬於流程再造最根本的部分。『根』不動，流程再造也是無法最終完成的。」海爾集團的高管稱。

資料來源：
http://news.cnyes.com/stock/dspnewsS.asp?fi=%5CNEWSBASE%5C20080428%5CWEB1645&vi=34180&date=20080428&time=14:44:15&pagetype=index15&subtype=home&cls=index15_totalnews

2008-04-03(四)海爾家電推出春季大展銷空調冰箱爐頭全部特價出清

2008-05-03T03:19:00.002+08:00

2008-04-03(四)海爾家電推出春季大展銷空調冰箱爐頭全部特價出清

【紐約訊】油價攀升、帶動各種日常用品、百貨的價格上漲，是市井小民最切身、關心的無耐。創辦於中國、行銷全世界的海爾家電，一向以優良品質、平民價格深獲消費者肯定。為了讓顧客仍能以低價享受到海爾家電帶來的便利，該公司專賣店仍以原來的售價供應，最受大眾喜愛的海爾分體空調，9000BTU型號，仍維持$800包安裝，同時還推出春季大展銷，活動至4月30日截止，歡迎前往參觀選購。創辦於中國，熱銷全世界的海爾集團(Haier Group)堅持以優質產品、精良技術、完善售後服務及平價供應僑胞，現正推出春季大展銷，產品包括家用空調、商用空調、冰箱、冷櫃、爐頭、洗衣機、電視機、洗碗機、酒櫃等。

該公司是一家生產高品質家電產品及消費性電子產品的公司，年營業額高達70億美元。生產的分體式冷氣機由於造型輕巧、安裝簡便、噪音極低、質優價廉，在美國市場大受歡迎。海爾的產品採多樣化生產，包括大、中、小型電冰箱、直式及橫式冷凍櫃、活動式洗衣機、複合式洗衣/烘乾機、窗型冷氣機、大型冷氣機、活動式及固定式洗碗機、微波爐、冷藏恆溫酒櫃、電扇、烤箱、烤麵包機、熨斗、咖啡壺、吸塵器等。海爾產品的特點，包括可靠信譽的品質、新穎實用的設計、高科技結合美觀大方的外型，及相對較平實的價位，都是顧客認同選購的原因。

資料來源：
http://www.worldjournal.com/wj-ny-news.php?nt_seq_id=1696487

2008-04-29(二)恩師去世師兄弟「建」真情

2008-05-03T03:18:00.001+08:00

【明報專訊】黃蜂今季表現脫胎換骨，除了基斯保羅居功至偉外，他的的最佳拍檔、情同手足的韋斯特功不可沒。

韋斯特原本是粗枝大葉及只懂得「背籃攻」的前鋒，但在入讀薩維亞大學後，得到普沙教練悉心指導進攻技巧，及後普沙教練轉投維克森林大學後，又看中基斯保羅，把他招攬旗下，所以韋斯特與基斯保羅其實是同門師兄弟。去年7月普沙教練突然心臟病發去世，令兩師兄弟的關係更密切。

基斯保羅初投身NBA時正是得到韋斯特的照顧才能快速融入球隊，而在普沙去世後的幾個月間，韋斯特每天致電慰問小師弟，基斯保羅表示﹕「去年當我看到他因普沙教練去世而流下男兒淚後，大家關係更密切，我亦更尊重他。」

在比賽中基斯保羅與韋斯特合作無間，針對小牛前鋒鄧比亞動作笨拙的缺點，基斯保羅便經常為韋斯特製造「單挑」鄧比亞的機會，韋斯特既可直接跳投取分，亦可以速度擺脫鄧比亞，結果在黃蜂擊敗小牛的3場季後賽中，韋斯特平均攻入24.6分。

資料來源：
http://hk.sports.yahoo.com/080428/42/2t5re.html

10個提升新陳代謝的方法(2)

2008-05-03T03:17:00.001+08:00

10個提升新陳代謝的方法(2)

三九健康網　 2004-11-02 13:28:49
　　　　而具有利尿作用的杜仲茶，也有順暢血液循環、提高新陳代謝、改善體質的功效，經常飲用對于皮膚粗糙、消除浮腫、改善便秘等都有所助益。　　
　　另外，每天早晨喝杯醋，也可提高人體新陳代謝，因為含有氨基酸的醋，能促進消耗體內過多脂肪，加強蛋白質和醣類的代謝，因此也有人拿來用在減重方面。　　
　　◆8.利用正確的按摩手法也能促進代謝。　　
　　體內淋巴液與血液循環是否通暢，會影響身體對于廢物、毒素等物質的排除速度，因此透過正確的按摩手法，也能維持血液循環的順暢，加速代謝，順利處理體內廢物。　　
　　所謂按摩並非隨意壓一壓、捏一捏就可行了，如果你做過沙龍的塑身療程，不妨仔細回想一下，美容師的按摩手勢是不是都是由末梢往心臟進行？這種從四肢末梢朝心臟方向按摩的「求心性按摩」，對于推動淋巴及血液的流動才有所助益，能使肌肉的代謝更加旺盛，提供細胞更多促進代謝的營養素與幫助脂肪燃燒的氧氣，同時加速排除廢物，每天看電視的時候順便做做按摩，輕輕鬆鬆就能更健康。　　
　　◆9.洗洗三溫暖、泡泡熱水澡就能變美麗。　　
　　泡澡是另一個促進新陳代謝最簡單的方法之一，利用高溫反復入浴的方式，促進血管收縮、擴張，並刺激汗腺發汗，每次泡澡3分鐘，休息5分鐘再入浴的循環重復三次，就能在不知不覺中消耗大量能量，效果相當于慢跑1000公尺。　　
　　同時，泡澡也能促進老舊角質更新，保持肌膚光滑細致。必須注意的是，心臟不好的人並不適合洗三溫暖或常泡熱水澡，此時不妨以傳統的保健良方－熱水泡腳來取代，這不只能使腳部微血管擴張，促進全身血液循環，還可增加細胞通透性，提高新陳代謝，同時達到健身袪痰的作用，並且改善雙腳冰冷的情況。　　
　　◆10.補充維他命B群，不要成為夜貓子！　　
　　經常熬夜或作息不正常的人不僅老得特別快，連健康也耗損得特別兇，奉勸你能不熬夜就盡量別熬夜吧！如果是因為工作需要、非不得已的話，就得多多補充富含維他命Ｂ群的食物，因為它們是促進人體新陳代謝的必要因子，卻因屬水溶性維生素而不易儲存在體內。維他命Ｂ群通常指的是維他命B1、B2、B6、B12及葉酸、煙鹼酸等，它們在促進新陳代謝、提供能量、保護神經組織細胞等方面，都有很大的幫助。　　
　　如果你三餐正常且不偏食，其實並不需額外補充維生素Ｂ群，不過，忙碌的現代人通常都不太注意自己是否吃的均衡，再加上用餐時間不固定，常常導致維生素Ｂ群的缺乏，並降低代謝、影響健康，因此，固定補充維生素Ｂ群藥丸，不失為是外食族方便省事的辦法。

資料來源：
http://www.hongkong.com/zh_cn/health/hairdressing/woman/11015504/20041102/11945470_1.html

10個提升新陳代謝的方法(1)

2008-05-03T03:15:00.001+08:00

10個提升新陳代謝的方法(1)

三九健康網　 2004-11-02 13:28:49
　　　　你從沒想過新陳代謝的快慢有何差別，但若是以下煩惱你都有　　
　　──拼命節食還是瘦不下來□　　
　　──換了新的保養品，皮膚狀況依舊沒有改善□　　
　　──體力越來越差，動不動就覺得倦怠　　
　　恐怕就得好好想想該怎樣提升新陳代謝的速度了！　　
　　常常納悶為什麼飲食和生活作習並沒有改變，可是體重卻一直增加、體力越來越差，甚至連偶爾冒出的痘痘也越來越慢好，其實這些潛移默化的改變，有一個重要關鍵便是新陳代謝的速度變慢了。　　
　　雖然體質、遺傳及年齡等因素都會影響新陳代謝的快慢，不過天生緩慢的人並不多，多數人都能藉由後天的調整，來達到有效提升新陳代謝的目的，記住以下幾個小訣竅，並落實到你的生活裡，就能輕鬆擁有健康美麗。　　
　　◆1.有氧運動是提升代謝最快速的快捷方式。　　
　　增加運動的質與量的確是加速新陳代謝最直接快速的方法，並且至少要達到“每周3次、每次30分鐘、運動後每分鐘心跳達130下以上”才能有助于健康。　　
　　千萬別小看這短短30分鐘的運動量，它除了可以幫助消耗熱量、減輕體重外，更大的好處是運動之後，能將氧氣帶到全身各部位，大大提升新陳代謝率、有效燃燒脂肪，效果並會持續數個小時之久。所以，丟掉沒時間運動的借口吧！　　
　　日常步行就是最佳的運動良機，不妨利用每天午餐後的休息時間，在公司附近走走逛逛，以均勻的速度步行，不一定要流得滿身大汗，就能提高代謝，同時幫助消化、預防便秘。　　
　　◆2.加入重量訓練，增加肌肉組織。　　
　　你知道嗎？人體內的肌肉組織越多，越能燃燒更多熱量，使新陳代謝加速，可惜的是，當我們過了30歲之後，肌肉會逐漸流失，進而導致代謝下降，因此，若想維持良好的代謝速度，就必須趕緊鍛煉，以增加日漸減少的肌肉量。　　
　　賀寶芙醫學咨詢委員會及科技研發部資深副總裁amieMcManus博士表示，對肌肉組織較少的女性來說，舉重這類可以幫助增加肌肉的重量訓練運動，就顯得格外重要，因為增加肌肉數量就能增加新陳代謝。一旦肌肉量增加了，一天將可以增加消耗100到300卡洛裡，甚至更多。　　
　　不必擔心肌力訓練做多了，會練出一身“健美的肌肉”，因為男女的肌肉組織並不相同，況且，健美選手也不是這麼容易就能練成的！　　
　　◆3.多喝礦泉水。　　
　　基本上，光是多喝水就能促進腸胃蠕動，並透過流汗或排尿，把體內多余的毒素和廢物排出來，加速新陳代謝，如果喝的又是優良水源地的礦泉水，對健康的助益則更多，能在喝水同時順帶補充身體所需礦物質，市面上有些進口礦泉水之所以號稱“窈窕之水”，並非胡亂吹噓，而是因其富含能加速代謝熱量的鎂（Magnesium），多多飲用不僅沒有熱量，還能加速新陳代謝，可算是一舉兩得。　　
　　◆4.停止無效的節食，多攝取蛋白質。　　
　　別再漫無目的的節食了，否則你會發現身體越來越糟，體重卻是一動也不動！因為當大腦接收到饑餓的訊息後，為了維持正常身體機能，便會自動調節使新陳代謝的速度變慢，雖然吃得少，但消耗能力同時也變少了，這種方式當然行不通，只會造成身體的傷害。　　
　　相反地，改變飲食內容，加強攝取纖維素與蛋白質，才是提升新陳代謝的安全方式，其中以含豐富蛋白質的藻類是值得推薦，因為藍藻中含有容易消化的蛋白質及高含量的次亞麻油酸，能幫助于提升熱量的代謝；而綠藻中的葉綠素並能凈化血液，提供絕佳的排毒效果，至于最常食用的海藻類，則富含近30種的礦物質，能促進水分代謝，並加強免疫功能。　　
　　◆5.深呼吸。　　
　　別懷疑，呼吸的方式的確會對新陳代謝有所影響。呼吸的目的是為了把新鮮的氧氣送進肺部，經由氣體交換後，再把不要的廢物及二氧化碳排出體外，達成凈化血液、促進代謝與循環的功效。　　
　　可惜大多數的呼吸都是無自主意識下的反射動作，每次吸氣送進肺部的容量實在有限，而事實上，呼吸頻率越快表示呼吸量越小，好不容易吸進的氧氣，還來不及發揮作用，就又被送出去了，加上短促的呼氣，更使得廢棄的二氧化碳繼續殘留在肺裡，所以□！與其做一百次短促的呼吸，不如經常提醒自己做做深呼吸，幫助加速體內廢棄物的代謝。　　
　　◆6.捐血好處多，利人又利己。　　
　　捐血一袋不僅能救人一命，還可以大大促進自身新陳代謝的能力，不但不傷身，定期捐血反倒也是維持健康的方法之一。　　
　　因此，只要你是年滿17歲、體重45公斤以上的熱血女性，歡迎卷起袖子，帶著你的身份証熱情捐血去。　　
　　◆7.想喝有味道的飲料，就選能促進代謝的綠茶、杜仲茶。　　
　　日本人愛喝綠茶不是沒有道理的，綠茶中的氨基酸、多酚素、維生素等成分，可以幫助降低血脂和膽固醇，並能調節脂肪代謝，除此之外，茶中的咖啡因同時具有利尿和刺激胃液分泌的作用，還可增加肌肉的呼吸速度及工作量，因此多喝不含糖的綠茶有益健康。

資料來源：
http://www.hongkong.com/zh_cn/health/hairdressing/woman/11015504/20041102/11945470.html

係一個blog度見到一篇好好的文章!!!

2008-05-03T03:13:00.002+08:00

係一個blog度見到一篇好好的文章，

所以係度再分享多一次。

撒但說：「我們無法使基督徒不去教會。我們也沒辦法讓他們不讀經、不明白真理。我們甚至不能讓他們遠離他們的救主。若是他們與基督耶穌產生緊密聯結我們的權勢就敗落了！

所以讓他們去教會！讓他們去吧！我們所要做的就是竊取他們的時間，讓他們沒有時間來與主親近聯結…這就是我要你們做的！」

又說：「叫這些人無法和他們的救主有天天緊密的聯結。」

惡魔邪靈大喊：「我們該怎麼做？」

撒但回答說：「讓他們忙碌啊！讓他們為了生活上的小事忙碌，製造無盡的虛華來佔滿他們的腦袋！引誘他們去花錢！盡情地花錢吧！讓他們因花錢而不停地借錢、借錢吧！

讓妻子外出長時間工作，讓丈夫一週工作七天，每天十到十二個小時，這樣才有足夠的錢滿足他們虛華的生活方式。

讓父母們沒有時間陪伴孩子，漸漸地使家人們疏遠，好讓他們的家再也無法紓解工作帶來的壓力！

讓他們的腦子裡裝滿世界的事，叫他們再也聽不見那微小的聲音，讓他們隨到之處都響著靡靡之音，他們的家隨時都開著電視、放著VCD，他們的電腦日夜開著，叫所有商站、餐館時時播放世界音樂！這樣就足以讓他們的腦袋無法與基督聯結。

讓他們的桌上擺滿各樣雜誌與報紙，用24小時新聞來佔滿他們的意念，當他們開車時，用各式各樣的看板來吸引他們的注意力。

讓他們的信箱塞滿各種垃圾郵件，各大超市百貨公司的減價單，各樣的抽獎單、免費產品、免費服務，各式各樣虛假的希望，還要讓那些身材絞好、年輕貌美的女人不停地出現在雜誌與電視上，叫丈夫們相信外在美最重要，這樣他們就對自己妻子感到不滿意，讓他們的妻子忙碌到無法愛他們的丈夫，讓他們頭痛！

若是妻子們無法讓丈夫得到愛，那麼丈夫們就會到其他地方去找愛，這樣一來，家庭便變得非常脆弱。

讓聖誕老人迷惑他們，叫他們的孩子不懂得聖誕節的真正義意，給孩子們復活節的小兔子，讓他們不懂得復活大能可勝過罪與死。

讓他們在遊樂場所瘋狂遊戲，回來時筋疲力盡，讓他們忙著去兒童樂園，忙著去看球賽、戲劇、電影、音樂會，叫他們沒有時間去神所創造的大自然。

讓他們忙碌、忙碌、忙碌！而當他們去聚會時，讓他們搞小圈圈、講閒話，這樣一來，就有無窮盡的問題發生，讓他們的生活中有無盡的理由，叫他們不從基督得力，很快地，他們就會只懂得靠自己。

犧牲自己的家庭、健康，只為滿足自己所要的一切！」

惡魔們大喊：「這實在是個好辦法！」

「可行！太有用了！」

的確，這個計劃實在太棒了！

於是，撒但們急忙在他們的崗位上開始行動，讓基督徒越來越忙，生活越來越趕，讓他們來回奔走，沒有時間敬拜神或陪伴自己的家人，也沒有時間傳福音救更多的人。

我想，我的疑問是：撒但的計劃成功了嗎？答案就看你自己！

難道忙正代表了「服在撒但的軛下」？

資料來源：
http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/jw!xn2kppuWHxmDNpnMBdMLE7K0/article?mid=365

珍惜

2008-05-03T03:12:00.003+08:00

很多時當我們遇到困難的時候, 我們都會將怨天尤人, 或者將自己所遇到的不幸遭遇歸咎於別人和社會身上, 但試想一想, 我們現在起碼還生存著, 所以應該感恩, 因為有很多人現在已經不在了, 所以當我們遇到逆境的時候, 我們應該想一想, 在這個世界有很多人比我們更不幸, 例如有些人很貧窮, 或者在年幼的時候, 親人去世, 或者有些人被疾病困擾很多年, 如2果我們和這些人對比, 我們便會知道, 其實我們所遇到的問題只是小問題, 根本不算甚麼, 所以其實我們已比很多人幸福的了, 很多人常說上天不公平, 說自己很不幸, 但事實是, 在世上有千千萬萬的人比他們更不幸, 所以我們不應自怨自艾, 反而應該感恩, 因為我們現在所得到的, 其實已比世上很多人幸福得多了, 所以我們不但不應該怨天尤人, 反而要盡量去幫助有需要的人, 而且一個幫助人的人才會真正得到快樂的, 因為自我中心和只想到自己益處的人, 是不會開心的, 因為人的天性, 就是需要幫助別人才快樂的, 因為在幫助別人的同時, 我們的生命便不再局限在自己一個人身上, 而是擴展到身邊的人身上, 這令我們的世界更大, 而且不會感到孤單, 因為幫助別人之後, 我們的生命擴闊了, 所以不再是自己一個人, 我們可以彼此幫助, 彼此祝福, 彼此分享, 彼此溝通, 而且幫助別人能使我們的人格更偉大, 當我們擁有偉大的人格, 自自然然就不會將自己的問題來得那麼重要, 而且當幫助別人之後, 便會知道, 其實很多時自己所遇到的問題, 只是一些很少的事情, 根本不需耿耿於懷, 所以下次當我們遇到困境的時候, 便應該想一下, 其實在世界上還有很多人比我們不幸, 我們不應把自己看得太高, 反而應該快快地解決自己的問題, 之後盡量去幫助有需要的人, 這樣不但會使自己更快樂, 而且更會令我們懂得和知道怎樣去珍惜我們所認識的人和所擁有的一切。

2008-03-11(二)巴菲特富冠全球的秘密, 拋售中石油有技巧

2008-04-25T23:15:00.005+08:00

幾天前，《福布斯》雜誌公佈的最新全球億萬富豪排行榜，美國“股神”巴菲特憑藉620億美元個人財富成為全球新首富，而比爾·蓋茨蟬聯全球首富13年後首次“讓位”，排名滑落至第三。

其實，比爾·蓋茨成為世界首富之前，這個位子也是巴菲特的，當時巴菲特的財富是166億美元。而在77歲的時候，“常青樹”巴菲特再次成為首富，主要是因為他的伯克希爾·哈撒韋股票價格在2007年大幅上升，使他的個人資產一年內由520億美元上升到620億美元。

排名並不重要，但巴菲特50多年來一直保持資產的增值的確令人驚嘆，尤其在目前美國金融業普遍遭遇次貸危機的情況下，更顯得不同一般。巴菲特一生中的投資從不虧損，歷史上無數次市場災難對他幾乎沒有影響，這恐怕是巴菲特之所以成功的最重要因素，也是這位“股神”給我們最大的啟示。

1受次貸危機影響甚微

目前，一場次貸危機正席捲美國市場，金融業遭受極大打擊，很多著名的銀行、證券機構、保險公司都因為計提大量的損失準備而出現鉅額虧損。比如，美國最大的保險公司——美國國際集團(AIG)剛公佈的財報顯示，去年第四季度因計提次貸損失而巨虧52.9億美元，世界最大的銀行——花旗集團，也出現歷史上首次虧損。

次貸危機造成的巨大虧損，使得這些大公司股票出現大幅下跌，拖累美國股市今年以來大幅下跌，道瓊斯指數從去年最高的14000點跌至目前12000點左右。

我們來看看巴菲特在這場危機中的表現。自從1965年巴菲特收購伯克希爾·哈撒韋公司成為該公司的董事長以來，這家原先的紡織公司逐漸演變為以保險為核心的控股公司，公司有一半收益來自保險業，因此，伯克希爾·哈撒韋公司歸類為保險業。

伯克希爾·哈撒韋2月底公佈了2007年財報，儘管受到次貸危機的影響，去年第四季度業績出現下滑，凈利潤由一年前的35.83億美元下降到29.47億美元，但是，僅僅是下降，並沒有出現虧損，也不存在計提次貸損失的問題，可以說，次貸危機對巴菲特的影響極其微小。而且，從2007年全年看，伯克希爾·哈撒韋業績依然保持增長，凈利潤增長20%，達到132.1億美元，在美國金融業中屬於業績突出的公司。

2無數次避開虧損風險

再看股價的表現，1965年巴菲特購買伯克希爾·哈撒韋股票的時候，每股股價大約是20美元，此後，這公司從來沒有送過股或者配過股，巴菲特認為這是毫無意義的數字遊戲，由於股本沒有擴張過，使我們很容易計算50年來股價究竟上漲了多少。

1965年之後，伯克希爾·哈撒韋的股價一路上升，50多年來大部分年份收盤價是上漲的，下跌的極少，先過了百元大關，隨後過了千元大關，再上萬元大關，到2006年上了10萬元大關，當年的收盤價是109990美元，2007年股價更是大幅上漲，當年的收盤價為141600美元，一年裏股價上漲了28.7%。去年的最高價還衝到15萬美元。

2008年前兩個月是美國股市的一場災難，出現大幅下跌，金融股是重災區，很多銀行、保險股票大跌，一些股票甚至跌至5年來的低點。而伯克希爾·哈撒韋的股價波動幅度不大，上周的股價還在140000美元左右，與去年收盤價相差不大，正是憑藉股價穩定的表現，巴菲特才于上周問鼎世界首富的寶座。

這一次，我們又見識了巴菲特避免風險的能力，這已經是他無數次避免這種風險。就是因為能不斷躲過災難，才使得巴菲特的財富不斷上升，一直穩居世界富豪的前三名。

3與中國股票也有緣分

沃倫·巴菲特，1930年8月30日出生在美國內布拉斯加州的奧馬哈市。父親曾經是股票經紀人，耳濡目染的巴菲特從小就極具投資意識，1941年，11歲的巴菲特購買了平生第一張股票。1947年，巴菲特進入賓夕法尼亞大學攻讀財務和商業管理。兩年後，巴菲特考入哥倫比亞大學金融係，拜師于著名投資理論學家、被稱為“價值投資之父”的本傑明·格雷厄姆。

格雷厄姆的價值投資理念對巴菲特影響極大。1956年，巴菲特開始自己獨立的輝煌的創業之路，他回到家鄉創辦“巴菲特有限公司”。1964年，巴菲特的個人財富達到400萬美元，而此時他掌管的資金已高達2200萬美元。

1965年，35歲的巴菲特收購了名為伯克希爾·哈撒韋的紡織企業，1994年底發展成擁有230億美元的伯克希爾工業王國，由一家紡紗廠變成巴菲特龐大的投資金融集團。他的股票在30年間上漲了2000倍，而標準普爾500家指數內的股票平均才上漲了近50倍。如果以目前的140000美元股價計算，巴菲特的股票上漲7000倍。

伯克希爾·哈撒韋收購了許多企業，旗下的公司從保險到食品幾乎無所不有，巴菲特並不干預這些企業的運營，他的任務主要是運用伯克希爾·哈撒韋龐大的現金進行投資。他的投資天賦令人稱奇，他長期投資的耐心沒有多少人能比，他1972年買入的華盛頓郵報至今還持有，而且，不斷增持，漲了幾十倍他也不願出手，巴菲特投資的美國運通、可口可樂、迪士尼、吉列等股票，不僅為伯克希爾·哈撒韋帶來巨大的收益，更是被投資界傳為美談。

堅持價值投資、長期投資的巴菲特，不像一般股民那樣每天看股票，他根本不關心股價的波動，他的辦公室不裝接收股票行情的設備。好朋友比爾·蓋茨送給他的電腦，他用來上網打橋牌，而不是看股票行情。他的工作主要是每年看成千上萬份公司財務報告，從中發現投資機會，唯一一次投資中國股票——中國石油(愛股,行情,資訊)H股就是這樣發現機會的。2002和2003年，巴菲特在閱讀中國石油的年報後，決定購買中國石油的H股，伯克希爾以4.88億美元購入中國石油1.3%的股份，買入的價格大約是每股1.6至1.7港元，持有中國石油H股23.4億股。到2007年10月份，巴菲特以12港元左右的價格賣出了持有4年的中國石油H股，獲得了大約8倍的收益。

在2月底公佈財報的時候，巴菲特發表了一年一度的《致股東的信》，解釋了買賣中國石油的過程和原因，他說當初以4.88億美元購入中國石油股票的時候，“按這個價格計算，中石油的市值約為370億美元。而在去年下半年，中石油的市值漲到了2750億美元，我們認為這個估值水準和其他大型石油公司相當，所以我們將手中的股票以40億美元全部賣出。”也就是說，他認為中國石油的股價已經超過了價值，所以選擇賣出，儘管他賣出股票中石油股價仍在繼續上漲，甚至有人嘲笑“股神”浪得虛名，但今年全球股市大幅下跌後，中國石油H股的價格曾跌到了9港元。

巴菲特堅持價值投資，他認為，投資和投機的區別在於：投機者主要關注的是公司股價，而投資者則關注于公司的業務狀況。只要價格合理，他會一直持有，但如果價格超過價值，他會毫不猶豫選擇賣出，投資中國石油就是典型案例。

4要把不虧損放在首位

巴菲特賺錢的神話故事太多了，不過，他之所以成功，最重要的不在於他賺了多少錢，而是他不虧損。他給投資者的忠告是：投資的第一原則是不虧損，第二原則是牢牢記住第一條。他這麼說，也是這麼做到的人，儘管我們不知道巴菲特所有股票的買賣情況，但是，就目前看到的以及伯克希爾·哈撒韋公佈的財務報告看，巴菲特沒有虧損股票賣出記錄。而且，1965年以來，伯克希爾·哈撒韋公司從來沒有虧損的記錄，絕大部分年份裏，伯克希爾·哈撒韋的業績一直保持著增長，這是股價不斷上漲的根本原因。別看伯克希爾·哈撒韋現在的股價高得驚人，每股高達14萬美元，但市盈率很低，只有15倍，因為每股收益接近9000美元。

不要以為不虧損是容易做到的事情，就單次獲利率而言，很多投資者可能遠遠超過巴菲特，但是一生中要不虧損卻很難做到，很多投資高手就因為一次失誤而足以致命。不要說一般的散戶，就是索羅斯這樣的投資大師，儘管在10年前的亞洲金融危機中叱吒風雲，賺了很多錢，但隨後在俄羅斯損失慘重，導致老虎基金關閉，量子基金也遭遇損失，索羅斯此後便沉寂下來了。

相信很多投資者都有這樣的經歷，在牛市裏賺的錢又在下一輪的熊市中抹去了，一切又得從頭開始。如果我們能做到不虧損，哪怕每次賺的錢不多，最終複利的威力將使你獲得巨大的收益。其實，巴菲特創造的年收益並不高，從1993年到2007年，伯克希爾·哈撒韋的年回報率為23.5%，從1965年到2007年，該公司的平均年回報率為17.8%，年收益10%到20%，這似乎不是一個高數字，但是，如果做到50年年年如此，最終的收益將是個“天文數字”。

所以，防範風險不虧損是投資中第一重要的事情。在巴菲特投資生涯中，並非沒有遇到過重大的危機，典型的如“9·11”事件中，紐約倒塌的雙塔就是伯克希爾·哈撒韋旗下的保險公司保險的，為此支付了鉅額的賠償金，但伯克希爾·哈撒韋沒有垮掉，這是因為巴菲特進行了足夠的風險防範。他說，收了保費後他從沒想過不需要支付賠償，凈賺這筆保費，只是不知道發生的時間，他所要做的，就是在發生之前，做好防範。

巴菲特認為投資需要的只是常識，不買不懂的東西。依靠這個，他沒有買網路股，躲過了2000年網路泡沫破裂帶來的風險；依靠這個，他沒有買複雜的金融衍生品，沒有買房屋抵押次級債券，避免了次貸危機；憑藉常識，上周接受電視採訪時，他認為美國經濟已進入衰退，警告大家“好日子已經過去”，要有風險防範意識……正是對於風險防範的準備，使他度過一次次危機。

已經77歲的巴菲特正在考慮接班人，他在新發表的《致股東的信》中表示，已經認定4名人選，可接替巴菲特擔當伯克希爾·哈撒韋的投資顧問。巴菲特打算將他的職務一分為三，分設公司主席、行政總裁和投資總監。此前巴菲特曾表示，他去世後將由其子彼得·巴菲特擔任公司主席。

也許，不久後巴菲特就將引退，離開他鍾愛的投資舞臺。但是，他留下的投資哲學，是筆寶貴的財富，值得每個投資者認真學習。

資料來源：
http://big5.ce.cn/cysc/main/czhrw/200803/11/t20080311_14790728.shtml

2008-04-23(三)建設銀行 - 大步邁向世界一流銀行

2008-04-25T23:13:00.002+08:00

建設銀行提出2010年完成業務結構轉型，包括向批發與零售業務並重轉變；向傳統信貸業務與新興中間業務轉變；拓展海外業務，向國際化銀行轉變。戰略轉型正成為銀行發展主導。

　　上市後，建設銀行步入穩健的加速發展階段，規模增速逐年提高。

　　總生息資產年均餘額增速為20.7%，與總計息負債年均餘額增速20.4%大體相當，增長均衡性強。

　　應對2007年以來央行的6次提高存貸款基準利率，建設銀行積極調整信貸投向，加大了對成長型企業的重點支持。貸款收益率從2006年的5.57%提高至6.31%；同時受存款活期化的影響，存款收益率僅從2006年的1.53%提高至1.57%。總體考察，建設銀行的淨利差與淨利息收益率分別提高0.38、0.39個百分點，達3.07%、3.18%；在6家A+H上市銀行中位居首位。

　　加強風險控制管理，實現不良貸款「雙降」。撥備覆蓋率達104.4%，比上年末提高22.17個百分點，撥備水平充分，風險抵抗能力進一步加強。

　　建設銀行擬在銀行間債券市場發行不超過人民幣400億元的次級債券用於充實附屬資本，提高資本充足率。如果次級債券順利發行，不考慮其他因素，預計資本充足率將提高至13.52%。

　　考慮建設銀行的戰略定位與業務轉型發展，2008-2009年預計EPS分別為0.45元和0.62元。對應於18倍PE，目標價格為8.10元。

　　2008年4月18日建設銀行價格為6.60元與目標價格有約20%以上的偏差，股價明顯被低估，具備較大的投資空間。建設銀行評級由「持有」調升至「增持」。

資料來源：
http://news.cnyes.com/dspnewsS.asp?rno=11&fi=%5CNEWSBASE%5C20080423%5CWEB1965&vi=34042&sdt=20080421&edt=20080423&top=50&date=20080423&time=16:05:20&cls=index15_totalnews

工行帶頭銀行限售股解禁潮來了

2008-04-25T22:47:00.001+08:00

昨日，工商銀行在官方網站發佈公告稱，28.8461億股工商銀行限售股將在4月27日迎來解禁，開始上市流通。
記者對相關資料進行統計後發現,今年面臨限售股解禁潮的上市銀行不在少數。4月以後，有近2737億市值的銀行限售股將會接踵而至，其中第二季度就將消耗市場近2130億元的資金。有分析人士指出，二季度的解禁高潮會給銀行股帶來較大壓力。

二季度迎來解禁高峰

在2008年剩下的日子裏，將有9家銀行迎來共計234.88億限售股的解禁潮。按照4月24日的股價計算，總市值將近2737.98億元。其中第二季度為限售股的解禁高峰期，共將解禁195.83億股銀行限售股，總市值約為2130.87億元。

在今年的銀行股解禁潮中，交通銀行是上半年的解禁大戶，其今年可以解禁的限售股份達到137億股，占總股本的53%。北京銀行是下半年的解禁大戶，將有27.56億股限售股份解禁，約占其總股本的44.25％。

另外，資料顯示，2008年工商銀行、中國銀行、中信銀行、浦發銀行和深發展A都有限售股解禁，但所占總股本比例都很小，基本不超過10%，因此有分析師稱，它們面臨的套現壓力相對較小。

套現潮可能湧現

上海一投資管理公司的分析師對記者說，“大小非”解禁會動搖投資者信心，一旦投資者預期降低或落空，必然會積極減持。特別是在前一段時間銀行股低迷，一旦市場回暖，必然面臨更多套現誘惑。

以工商銀行為例，工商銀行曾向A股戰略投資者定向配售57.6922億股，發行價格為3.12元/股，在18個月鎖定期後，其中28.8461億股將於4月28日起開始上市流通。昨日工商銀行的股價為6.81元/股。如果工商銀行A股戰略投資者在昨日拋售，能獲得近100%的回報。

據瞭解，前段時間曾有多家持有金融股份的公司表態，會在適當時候減持金融股份。比如，“東電B”公司就曾發佈公告稱，其持有的興業銀行、招商銀行、交通銀行的限售股股份解禁後，將適時減持。市場上類似“東電B”的公司並不在少數。

幾家歡喜幾家愁

東海證券近期一份研究報告指出，在今年銀行股的限售股解禁潮下，並非每家銀行都會面臨很大套現壓力，而是會出現“幾家歡喜幾家愁”的局面。東海證券稱，作為持有較大比例限售股份的國有或非國有的控股股東，解禁後大規模減持的可能性不大；特別是對於基本面好的銀行，或者是未來具有高速成長空間的銀行，持有較大比例限售股份的控股股東會惜售，有的甚至還會進行增持。因此這部分限售股解禁後進行套現的壓力較小。

一位中國人保的資深分析師認為，總體來說，銀行業上市公司面臨的限售股套現潮比其他上市公司小，但各家情況不同。比如北京銀行，今年限售股解禁的股東主要是中國外經貿信託投資、北京銀行股權信託計畫、等非控股的社會法人股和國有法人股，而且數量多比例大，因此套現壓力較大。而中信銀行4月份解禁股份只占其A股總股本的1.94%，所以套現壓力較小。

資料來源：
http://news.cnyes.com/dspnewsS.asp?rno=5&fi=%5CNEWSBASE%5C20080425%5CWEB1219&vi=33957&sdt=20080423&edt=20080425&top=50&date=20080425&time=13:29:03&cls=index15_totalnews

旺旺預計26日在港掛牌,李嘉誠可能成策略投資人

2008-04-25T22:45:00.001+08:00

食品大廠前仆後繼前往香港掛牌，繼康師傅、大成、統一之後，旺旺集團原本也決定2008年3月25日要在香港上市，預計籌資金額111億港幣，相當於新台幣440億元，創下台商在香港上市最高金額；香港媒體還報導，香港首富李嘉誠將成為策略性投資人，而旺旺也決定延後一天，在26日掛牌。

在怎麼有錢，香港首富李嘉誠鼻樑上的黑框眼鏡還是一戴就超過十年，似乎也反映他保守謹慎的投資個性，不過這位58年來投資從沒虧損的富豪，現在可能成為旺旺控股策略性投資人，旺旺也可能延後一天，在26號掛牌，對此旺旺態度低調。

分析師李士豪：「統一中國這三家來比的話，目前來看，旺旺仙貝的毛利率是最高的，也就是說，它在獲利的能力上來講，比康師傅或是統一中國都來得高。」

目前旺旺控股公司董事長蔡衍明家族持股約七成五，在計畫爭取的策略投資人中，統一握有4%股權，現在還因為香港首富李嘉誠很有可能成為策略夥伴，讓旺旺在香港未上市先轟動，在赴港IPO的食品股中還凌駕大成跟統一，預期籌資金額達到111億港元，相當於443億新台幣，創下台商在香港上市最高的紀錄，換算市值僅次於康師傅，將躍居食品二哥，專家也看好旺旺在中國大陸的實力，認為以3~4.1港元區間掛牌之後，股價將步步高升。

分析師李士豪：「因為從獲利能力，或者是說它的一個營收的狀況上來講，都比統一中國來得好，跟康師傅上來講，可能營運規模上來講比康師傅來得低一點，小一點，所以股價超過統一中國的4.5港幣左右，機會是非常大。」

旺旺掛牌可望演出蜜月行情薄膜，加上公司獲利每年都以三成以上的速度向上成長，明年還有機會達到3.35億美元，突破百億新台幣大關，也難怪有實力被香港首富李嘉誠視為長期投資的標的。

資料來源：
http://www.ettoday.com/2008/03/07/162-2241489.htm

海爾新極光全面開啟高清娛樂新時代

2008-04-22T03:33:00.001+08:00

4月18日，萬眾矚目的45納米普及風暴強勢登陸，由海爾、英特爾、微軟、NVIDIA四方共鑄的普及先鋒──海爾“新極光”的廬山真面，終于公諸于眾。作為國內首款45納米高清潤眼“HDMI”電腦，新極光融合創新科技與完美設計于一體，憑借 “三大高清核心技術”，加之運用全新設計工藝的時尚精致造型，贏得業界與媒體的好評如潮，所帶來的全新感觀將開啟高清娛樂新時代。

科技領先三大高清核心技術獨領風騷

　　海爾新極光之所以雄踞45納米普及風暴的先鋒之位，與其名門血統密切相關。作為國內首款由“海爾中央研究院”、“海爾&英特爾創新產品研發中心”、“Haier•NVIDIA數字高清實驗室”和“微軟研發中心”，這四大名家匯聚共鑄的氣勢，讓目前所有PC無法超越，尤其是特有的“三大高清核心技術”，成為統領業界的頂尖高清PC。

　　剖析新極光的三大高清核心技術，首先當仁不讓要屬20寸的海爾獨有8代頂尖高清潤眼屏，創新安裝了HDMI高清數字接口，全保真高清影音傳輸，為用戶呈現完整極致的全高清影像，黑晶硅@抗反光塗層、1680x1050的高分辨率加之高達1000:1的對比度，讓高清畫質精准顯示，呈現出極致清晰、鮮明靈動的全高清影像;同時，採用了英特爾®45nm酷睿™2雙核處理器T8300，強勁高清動力、僅為1.1瓦的超低功耗，高清多任務處理游刃有余，無鉛材質更環保;此外，新極光更配備了NVIDIA高清硬解碼HDMI接口顯卡，獨有NVIDIA®PureVideo™高清顯像技術，配備高清HDMI輸出，創造業界頂級逼真視覺效果，更可與家中高清影音設備連接，為用戶締造真正的數字世界。這三大高清核心技術精准配合，共同為45納米普及風暴奠定最牢固的基石。

　　此外，尤其醒目的是，新極光是全球首款微軟唯一授權、將Windows Vista家庭高級版中MCE的功能鍵，鑲嵌在主機機箱上的高清PC。這一海爾與微軟攜手的碩果，讓用戶操作更加便捷，應用娛樂體驗達到全新的高度。同時，新極光還預裝Windows Vista SP1, Windows Live和Silverlight強大操作系統，配合使用主機上MCE多媒體控制鍵，用戶將能更輕松地欣賞數碼照片、高清大片以及音樂等，再創高清家庭娛樂之巔……基于以上凝合了海爾、英特爾、微軟、NVIDIA這四家所長，新極光的卓越性能讓業界有目共睹。

　　創新設計、卓越工藝奪人耳目

　　除卻內在性能的出色表現，新極光的整體造型呈大氣、絢麗之風，創新設計與新工藝的大膽運用，造就完美ID，讓用戶在享受高清娛樂之時，更為家居環境增添時尚風採。

　　在新極光超薄機身上，精妙創新設計無處不在。整機採用經典黑白配色系，以純淨白色為主、鮮明黑色線條巧妙穿插其中，面板更適度採用08年最風靡的金色線條裝飾，尤其是採用透明仿水晶設計的MCE控制按鍵，開機後盡顯藍色科技之光……這些靚眼設計讓電腦與家居完美融合，時尚風味十足。同時，在潤眼屏幕下方所創新採用的觸摸式按鍵設計，簡便操作更顯精妙科技，成為新極光的一大特色;此外，纖薄的外觀設計，整個顯示器的厚度僅26.5mm;艾菲爾鐵塔式底座設計，再加上防滑膠墊，不僅擺放更穩、保護桌面，而且可以單手隨意調節角度，在享受娛樂體驗的同時，操縱也更加舒適。

　　此外，新工藝的運用，讓精致的新極光倍顯品位。其主機面板首次採用高檔3層立體錯層面板設計，所運用的高亮拋光工藝，達到鏡面般光潔效果，讓其更有“臉面”;箱體採用鏡面粉烤工藝，光亮且久不變色，更不易腐蝕;而新潤眼顯示器表面採用高亮拋光工藝，華麗自然，與主機色調協調搭配，渾然一體，為家居環境更添品位。此外，新極光遍布人性化新設計細節，頂置開關、無幹涉光驅按鍵、有效防塵的前置USB/Audio/讀卡器隱藏設計，以及擴展性更強的雙光驅雙硬盤擴展口位，手感更舒適的1600DPI高精確激光鼠，精准度是普通鼠標的2-3倍，多功能按鍵的超薄納米抗菌多功能仿筆記本鍵盤，以及美觀大方、音效更震撼的2.1 全木質音箱……新極光將感官、科技、時尚和健康元素融為一體，人性化設計給用戶提供最完美的使用體驗。

　　綜上所述，這一出自海爾、英特爾、微軟、NVIDIA四大名門的力作──海爾高清新極光潤眼電腦，在三大高清核心技術的鼎力支持之下，相信定能出色地完成引領45納米普及風暴的重任;同時，以國內首款45納米高清潤眼“HDMI”電腦號稱的新極光，在科技與設計完美融合下，加之外觀與內部性能上的創新突破，勢必會成為海爾電腦全面開啟高清娛樂新時代的扛鼎之作，在高清PC領域獨領風騷。

資料來源：
http://financenews.sina.com/sinacn/304-000-106-109/2008-04-18/0300750364.html

海爾空調泰國生產基地正式投產

2008-03-16T14:07:00.001+08:00

2008年3月1日，海爾(600690)集團海外工廠——海爾泰國生產基地生產的第一台HSU-09LA03空調順利下線。這是繼巴基斯坦、約旦、尼日利亞等七大海爾空調海外工廠投產後，海爾空調最近增加的新的一個海外工廠實現了本土化生產，同時標志著其加快布局全球的步伐。

“海外建廠更好的滿足當地消費者個性化的產品需求”，海爾空調技術負責人表示，泰國地處熱帶，屬熱帶季風氣候，跟國內氣候有不小的差別，因此需要的空調產品也不一樣。此次海爾空調在泰國建立的生產線，就是專為當地氣候設計的。海爾根據自己的戰略規劃，決定在泰國建設三位一體的本土化運營模式，除了滿足泰國本土市場需求外，還將出口到馬來西亞、印尼、越南等國，並將陸續輻射到拉美、西亞等地區，泰國工廠最終會發展成為海爾空調在東南亞地區集研發、制造和銷售三為一體的生產中心，進而進一步鞏固了海爾空調全球化的戰略布局。

事實上，海爾空調在海外建設生產基地，在滿足當地生產、當地銷售的同時，也輻射到周邊的國家和地區，從而提升海爾品牌在全球的知名度和美譽度，這是海爾堅持的“走出去、走進去、走上去”戰略的重要內容。以海爾巴基斯坦基地為例，目前海爾在巴基斯坦的海外工廠已經成為當地規模最大的白電生產企業。海爾空調巴基斯坦工廠負責人表示，憑借當地研發生產的優勢和海爾空調品牌在巴基斯坦巨大影響力，2007年海爾在巴基斯坦排名已躍升至第二位，今年海爾空調的目標是超過排名第一的當地品牌，成為佔巴基斯坦最大市場份額的空調品牌。

泰國生產基地正式投產，巴基斯坦、約旦、阿爾及利亞等多家海外工廠在產……這一系列的大動作都是海爾空調實施全球化發展的重要組成部分：即打造本土化的全球化品牌，致力於實現本土化制造，整合全球資源、實現全球化設計，從而在海外市場上實現品牌增值。海爾空調的實踐証明，在全球市場一體化的今天，中國企業必須將自身的價值鏈擴張到海外，進行全球范圍的營銷並打造出自己的全球化品牌才能取得更好的發展。

資料來源：
http://www.finet.hk/mainsite/newscenter_story.php?news=PRNEWSBJ&ncode=21752&page=

火箭擒山貓21連勝(2008-03-15(六))

2008-03-16T14:03:00.001+08:00

火箭擒山貓21連勝

美國職業籃球賽，火箭主場以89:80「活捉」山貓隊，以21連勝超越公鹿成為NBA 史上連勝場次第二多的隊伍。這也是36年來NBA賽場上出現的最長連勝紀錄。這場勝利還使得火箭在西岸排名榜上，與湖人
共排首位，兩隊目前的戰績均為45勝20負。恰巧的是，兩天後，湖人將客場與火箭火併，勝者將單獨坐上西岸頭把交椅。在NBA 60多年的歷史上，由一代球王張伯倫領啣的湖人在1972年1月7日以33連勝創造最長連勝紀錄。之前，70年代初的公鹿，一直以20連勝在連勝排行榜上列第二。最近幾場為火箭連續獲勝做出最大貢獻的麥迪，賽後表示「我們今晚創造了歷史，真是不可思議。」他又指「球迷是我們的一切，是我們在球場上打拼的動力。」他認為，火箭之所以能取得21連勝是在外界懷疑火箭隊的情況下全隊自信、奮鬥的結果。為確保連勝勢頭和改寫歷史，麥迪當晚打足48分鐘，並攻下全場最高的30分及7個籃板和4次助攻，順利當選今場火箭最佳球員。

資料來源：
http://hk.sports.yahoo.com/080315/65/2qnmt.html

2008-03-06(四)更應關注首富巴菲特的財富觀

2008-03-12T18:02:00.001+08:00

《福布斯》雜誌日前發布了2008年最新全球富豪榜。由於旗下伯克希爾‧哈撒韋公司股價大漲，巴菲特問鼎全球首富。另一方面，受微軟雅虎併購案影響，微軟股價下跌，比爾‧蓋茨排名下滑至第三。數據顯示，巴菲特目前財富達620億美元，較2007年上升100億美元。巴菲特的資產主要包括擁有的伯克希爾‧哈撒韋公司股權，以及公司外的其他資產。(3月6日東方網)

　　具有戲劇性的變化的是，此前巴菲特位居世界第二富翁，捐出85%的個人財富用于慈善事業，比起蓋茨基金會總額為290億美元的善款還要多出80億美元，而一舉超越首富成為世界“首善”，這筆捐款也是有史以來最大的一筆個人慈善捐款。如今，他終于問鼎全球首富，成為財富與善舉的“雙魁”。在對巴菲特一年之間身家猛增100億的傳奇經歷產生濃厚興趣之時，更值得關注的是他不同凡響的財富觀。

　　人稱“股神”的巴菲特，誰也沒想到他在對慈善事業慷慨解囊的同時，卻一直過著非常儉樸的生活。巴菲特為了向一家孤兒院捐款，拍賣了他的一只用了20年的錢包。巴菲特告訴人們“這個舊錢包沒有什麼特別之處。我的西服是舊的，我的公文包是舊的，我的汽車也是舊的。1958年以來，我就一直住在舊房子里”。這位富豪的錢包里只放1000美元左右。通常在周末，他穿著一件松松垮垮的海軍藍T恤衫，上面還印有證券交易會的標識語。巴菲特不愛拋頭露面，生活方式保持低調。那麼，富得流油的巴菲特何以對自己如此摳門呢？

　　記不得哪位慈善家曾說過:“一個人擁有的財富越多，對社會的責任就越大。市場經濟既是法制經濟，也是道德經濟，富豪應該是一群自願為社會驅使的驢子。而且你拉磨掙的錢越多，跟自己的財富關係越少。百萬富翁的財富屬於自己，億萬富翁的財富屬於社會”。老巴菲特就是這樣一頭“驢子”，一邊卸下產業千頭萬緒的重擔，一邊心甘情願地拉起“慈善之磨”。他與比爾‧蓋茨的慈善之此舉都體現了大富豪一種自覺的社會責任意識，同時也折射出優秀的財富品質。

　　巴菲特的財富觀告訴人們，首富並不能說明什麼，只有“首善”才是最重要的。如果地球村里的富豪都為金錢所役，在巨富中死去，多少年之後，誰還會記得他們曾經上過“福布斯富豪榜”？當我們的後代，後代的後代們聽到他們的名字僅僅知道他們是若幹年前的有錢人，除此之外什麼也沒有留下，又有什麼意義呢？巴菲特的財富觀值得我國“先富起來”的人們反思與借鑒。

資料來源：
http://news.sina.com/ch/phoenixtv/102-101-101-110/2008-03-06/23412719490.html

金句 - 撒下(第22章) - 大衛的禱告

2008-03-12T17:59:00.001+08:00

撒下22:1 當耶和華救大衛脫離一切仇敵和掃羅之手的日子，他向耶和華念這詩，

撒下22:2 說：耶和華是我的巖石，我的山寨，我的救主，

撒下22:3 我的神，我的磐石，我所投靠的。他是我的盾牌，是拯救我的角，是我的高臺，是我的避難所。我的救主啊，你是救我脫離強暴的。

撒下22:4 我要求告當讚美的耶和華，這樣，我必從仇敵手中被救出來。

撒下22:5 曾有死亡的波浪環繞我，匪類的急流使我驚懼，

撒下22:6 陰間的繩索纏繞我，死亡的網羅臨到我。

撒下22:7 我在急難中求告耶和華，向我的神呼求。他從殿中聽了我的聲音；我的呼求入了他的耳中。

撒下22:8 那時因他發怒，地就搖撼戰抖；天的根基也震動搖撼。

撒下22:9 從他鼻孔冒煙上騰；從他口中發火焚燒，連炭也著了。

撒下22:10 他又使天下垂，親自降臨；有黑雲在他腳下。

撒下22:11 他坐著基路伯飛行，在風的翅膀上顯現。

撒下22:12 他以黑暗和聚集的水、天空的厚雲為他四圍的行宮。

撒下22:13 因他面前的光輝炭都著了。

撒下22:14 耶和華從天上打雷；至高者發出聲音。

撒下22:15 他射出箭來，使仇敵四散，發出閃電，使他們擾亂。

撒下22:16 耶和華的斥責一發，鼻孔的氣一出，海底就出現，大地的根基也顯露。

撒下22:17 他從高天伸手抓住我，把我從大水中拉上來。

撒下22:18 他救我脫離我的勁敵和那些恨我的人，因為他們比我強盛。

撒下22:19 我遭遇災難的日子，他們來攻擊我；但耶和華是我的倚靠。

撒下22:20 他又領我到寬闊之處；他救拔我，因他喜悅我。

撒下22:21 耶和華按著我的公義報答我，按著我手中的清潔賞賜我。

撒下22:22 因為我遵守了耶和華的道，未曾作惡離開我的神。

撒下22:23 他的一切典章常在我面前；他的律例，我也未曾離棄。

撒下22:24 我在他面前作了完全人；我也保守自己遠離我的罪孽。

撒下22:25 所以耶和華按我的公義，按我在他眼前的清潔賞賜我。

撒下22:26 慈愛的人，你以慈愛待他；完全的人，你以完全待他；

撒下22:27 清潔的人，你以清潔待他；乖僻的人，你以彎曲待他。

撒下22:28 困苦的百姓，你必拯救；但你的眼目察看高傲的人，使他降卑。

撒下22:29 耶和華啊，你是我的燈；耶和華必照明我的黑暗。

撒下22:30 我藉著你衝入敵軍，藉著我的神跳過牆垣。

撒下22:31 至於神，他的道是完全的；耶和華的話是煉淨的。凡投靠他的，他便作他們的盾牌。

撒下22:32 除了耶和華，誰是神呢？除了我們的神，誰是磐石呢？

撒下22:33 神是我堅固的保障；他引導完全人行他的路。

撒下22:34 他使我的腳快如母鹿的蹄，又使我在高處安穩。

撒下22:35 他教導我的手能以爭戰，甚至我的膀臂能開銅弓。

撒下22:36 你把你的救恩給我作盾牌；你的溫和使我為大。

撒下22:37 你使我腳下的地步寬闊；我的腳未曾滑跌。

撒下22:38 我追趕我的仇敵，滅絕了他們，未滅以先，我沒有歸回。

撒下22:39 我滅絕了他們，打傷了他們，使他們不能起來；他們都倒在我的腳下。

撒下22:40 因為你曾以力量束我的腰，使我能爭戰；你也使那起來攻擊我的都服在我以下。

撒下22:41 你又使我的仇敵在我面前轉背逃跑，叫我能以剪除那恨我的人。

撒下22:42 他們仰望，卻無人拯救；就是呼求耶和華，他也不應允。

撒下22:43 我搗碎他們，如同地上的灰塵，踐踏他們，四散在地，如同街上的泥土。

撒下22:44 你救我脫離我百姓的爭競，保護我作列國的元首；我素不認識的民必事奉我。

撒下22:45 外邦人要投降我，一聽見我的名聲就必順從我。

撒下22:46 外邦人要衰殘，戰戰兢兢的出他們的營寨。

撒下22:47 耶和華是活神，願我的磐石被人稱頌！願神那拯救我的磐石被人尊崇！

撒下22:48 這位神就是那為我伸冤、使眾民服在我以下的。

撒下22:49 你救我脫離仇敵，又把我舉起，高過那些起來攻擊我的；你救我脫離強暴的人。

撒下22:50 耶和華啊，因此我要在外邦中稱謝你，歌頌你的名。

撒下22:51 耶和華賜極大的救恩給他所立的王，施慈愛給他的受膏者，就是給大衛和他的後裔，直到永遠！

YouTube - 這個小女孩唱得好好!!!

2008-03-09T20:52:00.003+08:00

這個小女孩好得意和把聲很好聽!!!

減肥方法

2008-03-06T22:40:00.002+08:00

飲食——蔬果

1.蘋果瘦身法這種瘦身法非常簡單，只需要3天持續吃蘋果和喝礦泉水，其它食物一概不吃，每個週期平均可以減掉3至5千克。蘋果本身含有大量食物纖維，能幫助消除宿便，而且其鉀質具利尿作用，可讓體內殘餘廢物隨者尿液排出體外，有美容的效果。注意事項：1個蘋果大約有100千卡的熱量，雖然3天內可無限量地吃蘋果，但一般人每次最多只可吃2至3個。另外，在實行此瘦身法之後的3天內，只能食粥或蔬菜等較易消化的清淡食物，讓身體慢慢適應；否則腸胃在過度飢餓後，一旦接觸高熱量食物，將會過量吸收卡路里，不但增加腸胃負擔，更會使身體比之前更肥胖。

2.減肥菜瘦身法減肥菜是一種名「守宮木」的灌木，原產於東南亞一帶，狀似蘆筍。據說吃幾斤減肥菜就能瘦幾公斤。注意事項：減肥菜因含有植物鹼成分，吃後會令人產生失眠、緊張、心跳加速、呼吸困難等副作用，嚴重者會導致肺衰竭。

3.蘆薈瘦身法——推薦自古以來，蘆薈有「不需醫者」的雅號，具有瀉藥的功能，食用過量會導致腹瀉，適量進食則可協助排出體內積聚的殘餘廢物，減輕體重。蘆薈皮內透明的果肉部分有很強的免疫力，除了含有可使血液流通暢順的果膠(pectin)成分外，更可改善便秘，使肌膚光滑柔美。注意事項：每天吃3至5cm長的蘆薈便已經足夠，不過，分量始終因人而異。但必需有恆心地養成習慣才會漸見效果。

4.蔬菜湯瘦身法將任何類型的蔬菜，加入3倍分量的水，待水滾後以慢火煮1小時。蔬菜湯中，含有大量水浴性的食物纖維，可治療便秘，協助排出體內多餘的水分及廢物，而且溶於湯中的礦物質對身體亦有不少益處。注意事項：在喝湯之餘，也可以吃煮湯的蔬菜，因為它們含有極少量的卡路里。不過不宜長時間使用，容易造成營養不良。

5.菠蘿瘦身法菠蘿含有分解蛋白質的酵素，這種酵素會損害口腔的腔膜，令口腔刺痛，若能克服這個障礙，維持1個星期，只以菠蘿作為三餐中其中一餐的主食而不吃其它食物，那麼便可以減輕2至3千克的體重。注意事項：菠蘿含有的酵素會損害口腔腔膜，而且只吃菠蘿或會營養不均衡，進行前必須細心考慮。

6.香蕉瘦身法 1碗白米飯含有約160千卡的熱量，而每根香蕉則只含80至100千卡熱量。若每餐以香蕉代替1碗白飯，便可達到減肥的效果，因為此方法可每天減少身體吸收200至300千卡的熱量。再者，香蕉讓人有飽肚的感覺，又含有豐富的鈣及維他命，可消除浮腫的現象。注意事項：使用此方法要注意配菜的選擇，應以營養高而熱量低的食物為佳。

7.西紅柿瘦身法一個120克重的西紅柿約有30千卡的熱量、95克水分、1.5克蛋白質、0.3克脂肪、6.3克碳水化合物、1.4克纖維，以及豐富的鈣、磷、鐵質、維他命A、B1 、B2、C、E、西紅柿紅素等等，雖然西紅柿本身沒有直接減肥作用，但低卡高纖的特質有助排毒，多吃能飽肚，因而避免了吃其它高卡食品的機會，間接達致減肥目的。每日其中一餐只吃西紅柿，烹調時要注意少油少鹽少糖，每餐之間只可以1個生果充飢。有胃病的人不宜經常食用西紅柿，以免導致胃酸分泌過多，引起不適。還有未成熟的西紅柿含西紅柿鹼，會引起頭暈或噁心等問題，不可食用。注意事項：這個方法雖然可行，但西紅柿本身幾乎都由水分構成，除了維他命C外，沒有多少營養素，故西紅柿餐以外剩餘的兩餐需注意營養的含量。

8.薏仁瘦身法薏仁具有利尿、利水的作用，而且含有豐富的纖維質，每天喝7至8杯薏仁茶，或多吃薏仁飯、薏仁粥等以薏仁烹調的菜餚，可幫助減輕體重。注意事項：單靠大量進食薏仁減肥，是難有顯著功效的，必須配合飲食習慣及分量，兼持續定時做運動，才能達到減肥的效果。

9.韓國泡菜瘦身法食用辛辣的韓國泡菜令體內容易發熱，因為泡菜內的辣椒能提高新陳代謝；而且辣椒具有可以抑制食慾的作用，故此最好選擇在餐前吃泡菜，至於分量則可按個人喜好而定。注意事項：由於韓國泡菜多十分辣，故此腸胃不佳者切忌用此方法減肥。

飲食——其它食物

10.蛋白瘦身法日本流行的減肥法之一，最早期的蛋白減肥餐單只有烚蛋和蔬菜，經過多年演變，今天的蛋白減肥餐單還多了魚、蝦、粉面飯等。其實蛋白所含的蛋白質很豐富，與一般瘦肉所含的蛋白質幾乎一樣，成年人可配合大量蔬菜，減少肉食，每天可吃5至6隻蛋白。餐單：早餐可吃煙火雞蛋白配合桃麥片包及清水1杯、午餐是燒大蝦茄子配1杯放代糖的熱檸檬茶、晚餐則是烤龍利柳配辣豆釀蛋白，1碗雜菜及1杯清水。注意事項：不可連續吃超過7天，並要戒絕甜食，否則前功盡廢。烹調方法宜選用蒸、煮、烚或少油炒的方法，每天最少要喝8杯清水，一個月內不能進行多過2次的減肥療程。

11.食肉減肥法食肉減肥的理論是靠禁食澱粉質和甜食，令血液中葡萄糖減低，從而刺激身體分解脂肪，提供熱量，達到燃燒脂肪、減輕體重的目的。不過，在燃燒脂肪的過程中，血液中的「丙酮」量增加及刺激排尿。所以一般減去的體重只有部分是脂肪，超過五成是多餘的水分。由於方法十分簡單，只需純吃肉及大量蔬菜，戒糖戒澱粉又毋須捱餓，便可成功減磅，所以十分受歡迎。注意事項：如長期以純肉食作正常飲食習慣，會令體內膽固醇過高，導致心臟或血管毛病。而人體在分解脂肪和蛋白質時會製造有害物質，大大增加腎臟和肝臟的負荷，長期進食會缺乏充足的水份，故只適宜每月一次。另外，腸胃對大量肉食中的脂肪如未能適應，腸道受刺激會使糞便變得稀爛，加上攝取大量蔬菜和水分，會加倍刺激腸臟蠕動，所以特別適合患有便秘人士。

12.蒟蒻瘦身法蒟蒻是一種無卡路里，卻含有豐富纖維素的食物。由蒟蒻球莖磨粉加工製成的即食蒟蒻，雖不含任何卡路里，但每天僅吃這種食物的節食減肥法卻相當危險。最佳方法是每餐盡量配合蒟蒻做菜，由於蒟蒻的口感與米相似，而且味道很淡，所以放在米中同煮，使吃飯時容易飽腹之餘，從而減低卡路里攝取量。注意事項：至於極為流行的「蒟蒻果凍」可有效治療便秘，不過，因當中加入了糖分、果汁等，每小杯果凍已含有約100千卡的熱量，所以不宜多吃。 13.醋味黃豆瘦身法將乾炒過的黃豆泡浸於米醋中三天后，每天吃10粒左右，可治療便秘。若在餐前服用，會令肚子有膨脹感覺，可抑制食慾。注意事項：雖然黃豆營養豐富，但長期只吃黃豆並不能提供足夠人體所需的營養，加上黃豆浸在醋內，進食時也會沾上醋，所以患有胃病人士不宜食用。

15.朱古力瘦身法朱古力中所含的可可（theobroma）物質可紓緩壓力，人在焦躁時吃少許朱古力，可預防心情欠佳下導致暴飲暴食。餐前空腹下吃少量朱古力將可獲得滿足感，正餐分量自然會減少，持續4至5天，便可達到瘦身的目的。注意事項：應避免在飽腹或餐後吃朱古力作為消夜，因為其能量會立即轉化成脂肪，另外亦應注意避免吃朱古力以外的零食。

16.雪糕瘦身法方法是以1杯雪糕代替每天的晚餐，因為雪糕含有牛奶的營養，而且1杯120ml的雪糕只含250千卡熱量，遠比晚餐的熱量少。注意事項：此方法不可長期使用，以免導致身體營養不良。

17.口者喱瘦身法市面上所賣的口者喱，若是沒有加入乳製品，大概只含80至100千卡熱量，卡路里成分很低，可作為減肥瘦身者的甜品。注意事項：口者喱的材料為骨膠，其主要成分為蛋白質，幾乎沒有任何食物纖維，所以沒有消除便秘的功效。

18.乳酸菌瘦身法乳酸菌減肥法需要採用者持續三天只食用酸奶酪、酵素飲料、蔬菜汁和水。由於這是屬於極低熱量的飲食，每日的熱量攝取量很少，因此能快速減輕體重。注意事項：此法減去的是肌肉層，而不是脂肪，所以回復原來飲食習慣後，很容易又會增磅。而且只吃乳酸食品營養極不均衡，不值得嘗試。

19.奶酪瘦身法每日三餐只吃奶酪及香蕉，不吃其它食物，便可利用奶酪中含有的活乳酸菌，促進腸臟蠕動，排走體內的毒素，從而達到改善皮膚及消除積聚在腹部的脂肪的效果。奶酪中含有豐富的鈣質及良性蛋白質，為瘦身人士不可或缺的元素。注意事項：肥胖不是因為體內毒素，而是過多的脂肪，此方法並不是減脂肪的好方法。另外，單吃這兩種食物並不能全面提供人體所需的營養素，可能會引致缺乏多種維他命及礦物質，一旦回復以往的飲食習慣，體重便會自然回升。

20.咖哩瘦身法咖哩中的香料可促進脂肪燃燒，因此每天其中1餐吃咖哩飯，可燃燒脂肪減肥。注意事項：宜選吃以蔬菜做主角的咖哩飯，以沙律油取代食用油，大大減少熱量，有利於健康減肥。

21.蜂蜜斷食瘦身法將150克的蜂蜜以水稀釋，分多次於1天內喝完，持續兩天，期間不可進食。注意事項：由於蜂蜜中含有礦物質，兩天的療程不會對身體產生危險；但絕不能超過兩天，否則會導致精神方面有危險。兩天后需要先喝些米粥，待身體慢慢適應後，才可回復正常的飲食。

22.麵類瘦身法雖然麵類含大量碳水化合物，但在食用後可立即轉變成能量，較難積聚在體內，所以跟麵包及白飯比較，麵類較不易積聚成脂肪。每天選擇1餐只進食麵類，長期下來加上配合適量運動，可有效地瘦身。注意事項：一碗100克的麵線有330卡路里，即食麵100克有400多卡路里，如果烹調方法上採用了多油多調味，會增加卡路里，所以要小心控制。另外要留意營養的配合，如果選擇午餐吃麵，晚餐的餐單應注意營養要均衡。

23.嬰兒食品瘦身法嬰兒食品幾乎沒有糖分及鹽分，加上味道很難吃，會令人失去食慾。因此每天以嬰兒食品代替1餐，可有效減低食慾。注意事項：英國一本雜誌發表了一項調查報告，指在四百二十款專供6個月大或以上嬰兒食用的食品中，有近四成發現含有糖粉和果汁，就是榜成份天然的食品也加入了附加劑和糖，如嬰兒布甸沒有天然果肉，只有香料，看來不是最有營養的食品，也不適合用作減肥代餐。

24.穀類脆片早餐瘦身法要纖體瘦身，基本條件要每天吃3餐，但不少都市人都沒有吃早餐的習慣，或是因起得晚而沒有時間吃早餐，所以毋須烹調的穀類脆片如粟米片等作早餐便最方便不過。穀類脆片是以穀物、乾果等加工而成的，營養成分比1片多士還要多，纖維及礦物質的含量亦相當高，絕對符合健康的原則。注意事項：在挑選時要避免含高糖粉、朱古力等高卡路里成分的穀類脆片。

25.白粥瘦身法一碗粥中米的分量只是白飯的一半，而且飯粒經水浸泡後會發大，吃下會令人有飽肚的感覺。因此，減肥者吃1碗粥既獲得滿足，所攝取熱量更比吃飯少一半。注意事項：粥較容易消化，所以吃後很快會肚餓，減肥者極有可能因意志力薄弱、難抵肚餓感覺而進食大量零食，那就很易因減得加。

飲食——飲料

27.喝茶瘦身法由於茶不含任何卡路里，所以喝多少也沒甚害處；而且茶亦可提高新陳代謝、預防傷寒等效用。適合瘦身的茶為數眾多，如薏仁茶、迷迭香茶等。注意事項：留意茶葉的含鉛量。

28.減肥茶瘦身法市面上的減肥茶被稱為可協助燃燒脂肪，幫助消化，其原理是茶內含有輕瀉或利尿劑，使人頻頻小便，甚至肚瀉。注意事項：要注意當體內的水分及電解質一旦失調平衡，可導致心率不正及脫水等危險情況。身體在流失水分及電解質的情況下體重下降，因此並非真正的減去脂肪。

29.飯後茶瘦身法潮州古老的食譜在飯、茶、湯、食方面的配搭得宜；除了令人不易長胖外，配合適量運動可使減肥的效果更為顯著。飯後茶減肥法的關鍵其實在於每餐之後喝一杯鐵觀音茶。另每餐盡量都煮湯作菜。湯水方面可嘗試檸檬燉牛腩、梅子湯、青檸湯、金針木耳湯、酸咖哩菜湯、酸筍魚湯或鹹菜湯，這些湯水能幫助化脂、醒胃。飯則可配以鹹菜姜飯或黑糯米飯。注意事項：雖然此方法簡單，但須持之以恆，才能漸見飯後茶瘦身的效果。

30.杜仲茶瘦身法杜仲茶是以在中國中、西南部山上生長的杜仲樹為原料製成。由於杜仲具有利尿的作用，所以適合作減肥之用；而且它對浮腫、肌膚粗糙、暗瘡、便秘等也有療效。杜仲亦可促進血液循環順暢，提高新陳代謝，達至改善體質，令服用者不易變胖的功效。飲用者可將之視為果汁的代替品，隨時飲用，分量不限。

31.綠茶瘦身法綠茶含有多酚素、維生素、氨基酸等成分，能調節脂肪代謝，有降低血脂及膽固醇的作用，並能有效減少體內脂肪。日常以綠茶化替其它飲品如汽水、加糖的飲料等，長期下來有助減重。注意事項：綠茶中的生物鹼成分對痛風患者有害，所以痛風的人要喝淡一點的綠茶。此外，綠茶含有「皂素」，能令茶起泡沫，讓胃部有飽漲的感覺，但對健康不會構成影響。綠茶有利尿的功能，而且含有咖啡因，讓人不易入睡，所以盡量不要睡前飲用。

32.喝醋瘦身法醋含有氨基酸，能促進消耗體內過多脂肪並轉成能量，加強蛋白質和醣類的代謝，減肥者只須持續每天喝一定分量的醋，一個月約可減掉6至12磅。注意事項：這種飲食方法雖然不傷身，但倘若只喝醋而不控制飲食習慣，促進消化而令身體吸收更多熱量，體重反而增加。要注意胃下垂或腸胃有問題的人士不宜採用此減肥法，以免傷及腸胃。

33.黑醋瘦身法每天早上喝1杯黑醋，可提高人體的新陳代謝，達到容易瘦身的目的。黑醋味道很酸，所以可以開水稀釋後飲用。注意事項：與喝醋瘦身法一樣，有胃病人士不宜食用，以免酸性令胃部不適。

34.黃豆牛奶瘦身法黃豆粉有豐富的纖維，所以若將黃豆粉放入牛奶中溶開飲用，能有效消除便秘及水腫，減輕體重。每天早餐前及臨睡前都喝1杯，持續進行才可見效。注意事項：混合後的黃豆牛奶宜盡快飲用，不宜預早混合保存，以免牛奶變質。另外宜用脫脂奶，避免吸收全脂奶的脂肪。

35.糙米咖啡瘦身法糙米咖啡可以在市面上買到，亦可自己動手製作，方法是將等量的糙米與咖啡豆放於磨豆器中一同磨碎，再以蒸餾咖啡壺泡製便可。糙米本身含有豐富的礦物質及纖維，對人體非常有益。每天喝糙米咖啡可消除便秘、水腫，長遠來說可令體重下降。注意事項：患有失眠及精神容易緊張的人士不適宜飲用過多咖啡，因為當中的咖啡因會令心跳加速，刺激神經系統。普通人每日亦不應飲用超過四杯，否容易引致焦慮、恐慌及心肌梗塞等症狀。

37.喝水瘦身法每天喝2公升法國原產礦泉水，並同時維持正常飲食。其實，每天如飲用1.5公升左右的水，不單可以降低體重，而且更可以有效消除便秘。注意事項：喝水減肥法的特別之處在於要飲用法國原產礦泉水。因含這些產品含有豐富的鎂和鈣等礦物質成分，在法國會被用作醫療用水使用。

38.可可飲料瘦身法可可一向被視為肥胖的飲料，但原來可可粉本身幾乎是0卡路里，所含食物纖維又比西紅柿汁多出兩倍，不但可以消除便秘，更有助減肥瘦身。注意事項：純可可粉末所調製的可可1杯含75千卡的熱量，即使1天喝兩杯亦不會致肥，可用作代替進食甜點。

39.黃豆粉可可瘦身法黃豆粉是指黃豆炒過後磨製而成的粉末，含大量食物纖維。此外，由於黃豆粉本身帶有少許甜味，可令味道更吸引。每杯黃豆粉可可約含100千卡的熱量，在晚餐前飲用，不但能降低食量，亦能利用其中的黃豆營養素彌補身體不足的養分。注意事項：可可飲品中應盡量少糖。

40.可樂瘦身法早、午餐保持一般飲食習慣，晚餐則以1罐健怡可樂代替正餐。由於可樂中的碳酸可使腹中充滿氣體，使人有飽肚的感覺，而不想進食。注意事項：當然可樂的糖分及熱量都不低，多飲也會致肥，而且可樂本身基本無營養價值可言。

飲食——營養調理

41.低碳水化合物餐瘦身法很多人認為太甜及澱粉質食物會刺激胰島素分泌，增加脂肪；因此，想減肥瘦身的人士都會戒吃飯、面、麵包等含大量碳水化合物的食物，同時增加進食含豐富蛋白質的食物。注意事項：人的體重會隨著卡路里攝取量下降而減低，但事實上攝取過量蛋白質同樣會轉化成脂肪留在體內，身體依舊會肥胖。

42.高蛋白質瘦身法只進食高蛋白質的食物，而使人變得耐餓，增加代謝速率，從而減輕體重。注意事項：對患有心髒病、高血壓的人士不宜使用，因為會增加肝臟代謝負擔，更可能影響腎臟機能，長期遵從會導致骨質疏鬆及引發抽筋等現象。

43.高鉀瘦身法透過進食含鉀高的食物，如豆類、蔬菜、水果、魚類等減肥。注意事項：鉀離子可解決因鈉離子太多而造成的水腫現象，所以只能消除因體內水分過多而造成的肥胖，對於減少體內脂肪並沒有幫助。

44.膠原蛋白瘦身法每天三餐均可照常進食，但在晚飯後不再吃任何食物，只在臨睡前喝1湯匙液狀膠原蛋白配方，喝完後立即睡覺。由於膠原蛋白是一種纖維蛋白質，能夠對抗老化及修補身體細胞組織，而在夜間進行修補時，會消耗熱量，從而消耗脂肪減低體重。注意事項：利用膠原蛋白減肥的效果並不顯著，相對而言，若因此而毫無節制地進食，更會因攝取熱量過多而令體型肥胖。

45.糖尿病飲食瘦身法糖尿病患者通常會略胖，醫生會建議他們按特定的減肥餐單進食。因此，減肥人士可依照糖尿病患者的減肥餐單進食，這些餐單不但以蔬菜為主，而且所含鹽分、糖分及脂肪不多，長期依照進食，對身體亦無害處。

46.吃肥肉瘦身法採用者要多吃肥肉，因為這樣會影響食慾，從而減低攝食熱量。不過，專家指出此種方法會引致營養不良，造成腹瀉脫水。注意事項：若平日極愛吃肥肉的人士，因腸胃已適應吸收肥肉的熱量，故若採用此減肥方法，反而因多吃了肥肉以致更為肥胖。

47.水煮食物瘦身法三餐中可以吃菜及肉，但烹調方法只可用清水灼熟食物。原理是食物所含的油分大減，加上每天攝取的熱量控制在1000至1200卡路里，比一般飲食為低。每天可進食三餐，連續進行七日。注意事項：無油烚食雖可減少熱量之吸收，但人體每日以吸收3至6茶匙油分為佳，否則可能會影響身體和皮膚健康。若準備長期作此飲食模式，應在每餐中加1至2茶匙食油於水中再灼食物，以保持身體能吸收適量油分。

48.細胞營養控制瘦身法方法是透過計算身體細胞能夠發揮的能量，然後再配合剛剛足夠分量的飲食，務求將身體每個細胞的能量盡量發揮，同時避免因攝取額外熱量而令身體積聚多餘的脂肪。注意事項：這個方法牽涉較複雜的科學測試程序，一般人不能在家自行實行，必須先到診所驗身及由醫生協助下進行，所需費用亦可能較為昂貴。

49.辛辣瘦身法每週吃1至2次的辛辣大餐，可減去2磅體重。注意事項：辛辣食物只會令人增加排汗，體重看似減輕，事實上只減少了體內水分而非脂肪，只要補充水分，體重立即便會回升。

運動

50.運動瘦身法不同類型的運動都可幫助強身健體，但若單純地以運動來減肥，則可能相當艱辛，因為要消耗1公斤脂肪的熱量(即約7000卡路里)，則必須進行175個小時或以上的慢跑、騎腳踏車、跳有氧舞蹈、走樓梯等運動。注意事項：都市人生活忙碌，鮮有體力及時間持續每天做運動，因此減肥應以飲食配合運動，並將運動融入生活的一部分而且由較輕鬆的運動著手，使身體慢慢適應。

51.一萬步瘦身法步行是最簡單、最輕鬆的有氧運動，只要持續步行30分鐘以上，便可以幫助脂肪燃燒。若想效果顯著，絕對不能以散漫的姿勢步行，身體必須挺直，並且大步迅速地前進。開始的時候以每天1萬步為目標。注意事項：要注意是慢步時需穿著跑步鞋，若是穿著有鞋跟或薄底鞋作長距離步行，很容易會傷及腰部。

52.深呼吸瘦身法呼吸減肥法是由"Jump-start Your Metabolism: How to lose weight by changing the way you breath"的作者Pam Grout提出的。她認為深呼吸可使身體攝取多於需要的氧氣，從而提供身體大量能量以消耗脂肪。她更認為運動之所以能夠減肥，是因為人體吸入額外空氣所致；所以她主張在減肥期間可以進食任何食物，但必須每天訓練深呼吸3次。注意事項：避免在空氣污濁的環境下進行。

53.倒行瘦身法美國得克薩斯州一個陸軍醫療中心發明了倒行減肥法，此方法除可協助減肥，更能防治腰痛，強化腳部肌肉。專家解釋由於人體的結構只適宜向前走，一旦一反常態，便要付出更多的體能來行走，從而消耗更多能量，達致減肥效果。事實上經實驗證明，倒行比正向行進的氧氣消耗量高出31%，心跳快15%，血液中的乳酸含量也偏高。顯然，因為倒行增加了動作的難度，迫使人們消耗更多的氧氣和熱量。注意事項：進行這項運動最好選擇在空曠地方進行，以防危險，步速亦不能過快。

54.水中運動瘦身法對於身體肥胖者來說，做運動固然是減肥重點方法之一。不過若要長時間承擔自己過胖的身軀來做運動，對手腳關節亦會構成損害。因此，可以嘗試在水中進行有氧舞蹈，因為水的密度可承受體重，而且不懂游泳的人士亦可進行。水中的浮力可使人感到體重比在陸地上輕十分一，腰部的負擔下降令運動者沒那麼容易疲勞，可增長運動的時間。每次維持45分鐘水中有氧舞蹈運動，即可消耗約300千卡的熱量。運動時，最好配合音樂，效果將會更佳。以下介紹一些簡單的水中有氧舞蹈動作供參考： 1.選擇池水不超過胸部的位置，手撐腰的兩側，做水中伸屈運動。腳趾緊貼池底，做伸、屈膝蓋的動作，使肩膀潛入水中，做時需注意盡量別讓身體往上浮。 2.手繼續撐著腰的兩側，單腳踢水，左右交互踢，盡量將腳抬高。可配合樂的節拍進行。 3.像做韻律操一樣，按音樂節奏上下擺動雙手拍打水面，同時奮力在水中跳躍。剛開始時會因水的阻力而使身體難以伸展，必須時常進行使身體慢慢習慣。 4.以10米為範圍，在水中左右來回橫步走動。這種運動較不易疲勞，而且可消耗不少熱量。 5.雙手抓著池邊，然後將雙腳左右交互往後踢，背部要保持挺直，臀部至腳尖不可以彎曲。 6.雙手抓著池邊，然後先將左腳作重心坐低，右腳往後拉直，整個動作如同陸上舒展拉根的動作。做時背部、膝蓋內側及腿應盡量伸直，左右腳交互重複此動作。 7.腳尖離地，使身體浮於水中，然後僅以腳踵站立，待身體可以平衡時，以腳踵步行。注意事項：輕柔的水中運動具有放鬆效果，可消除因緊張導致的疼痛，改善睡眠質素。水中運動還有其它好處：如能夠使身材苗條；提供高質量的伸展、力量和有氧鍛煉、對關節有問題人士，水中運動更能夠減少疼痛。不過，下水前仍需做足柔軟體操，一如游泳一樣。

55.打掃瘦身法適合想做運動但沒有足夠時間的人，因為可以利用進行家務的動作來消耗熱量。以下以每10分鐘為單位，計算不同家務能消耗的熱量：項目消耗的熱量(kcal)項目消耗的熱量(kcal) 抹地打掃35抹窗戶18 收拾碗盤25.5整理床鋪18 用吸塵機打掃15.5折迭收拾曬乾的衣服15 用掃把打掃24打掃樓梯39.5 整理舊書28.5收拾及整理衣櫃19.5 移動衣櫃42地板打蠟17 注意事項：小心做家務，因為動作不對很容易在不經不覺間，扭傷腰骨或其它關節。

56.健康舞瘦身法如果你是出汗便會瘦的人，便可試試健康舞減肥法。每星期跳一至兩堂健康舞(每節45分鐘)，兩個星期便可見效。健康舞分很多種，如踏板(Step)可消耗約200kcal，而搏擊健康舞(Kick-Boxing)更可消耗500kcal。注意事項：跳健康舞會消耗很多體力，故此最好在開始前吃少量食物，如三文治及鮮果汁，另跳完舞後需一小時後才可吃食物，否則可能因太餓而過度進食。

57.拳擊運動瘦身法(KickBoxing) 此法較流行於男士的生活圈子，其實即是拳擊運動，由於此運動屬於群體活動，能透過別人的積極參與，刺激自己繼續運動，加上體力消耗很大，每星期玩兩次，每次45分鐘，不消4至5個月便可輕易減磅，還可減少壓力。注意事項：這項運動需要很大的氣力，運動完畢常會感到十分飢餓，但要緊記必須一小時後才可進食。

減肥療程——手術

58.水球植胃瘦身法方法是將矽球由人體喉部放入胃內，再將半公升鹽水注入矽球內，在胃內保存半年。此方法可使人常有飽肚的感覺，從而減少進食。若配合適當的運動及飲食，效果將更為顯著。注意事項：雖然這是一種嶄新的減肥方法，歐洲也曾有四千名癡肥人士曾進行此手術，不過效果並不一致，因此，需要更多的試驗去證實方法的可行性。

59.抽脂瘦身法在身體肥胖的部位如手臂、腹部或雙腿，透過手術抽取皮下的脂肪，從而達到局部減肥的效果。事實上，抽脂只能做到塑型，要安全健康地減肥，必須先從飲食及運動著手。另外，抽脂只對脂肪有效，肥胖的部位若是肌肉的話，抽脂減肥法便不可行。注意事項：要注意抽脂減肥法亦有其副作用，血液循環欠佳的人士最好別做環狀抽脂，特別一次抽兩三個部位較易發生危險，會有皮膚壞死的機會。

60.胃間隔術瘦身法胃間隔術(Gastric restriction)是一種較符合生理需求的減肥手術，方法是將胃分成上、下兩個一小一大的「袋」，減低胃的容量，使人容易有飽脹感，從而亦減低胃部對營養的吸收。注意事項：進食的份量很少，會對日常社交有所影響，如果體重不是超過標準很多，為著健康著想，還是不要進行較好。

61.胃繞道術瘦身法繞道術(Gastric bypass)是透過手術將胃部與空腸連接在一起，減少腸胃內部吸收營養的面積，從而減少身體吸收營養的機會，達到減肥的目的。注意事項：不少人在這種手術得到一定的成功，即將體重控製到某一程度，便會進行胃間隔手術，以便進一步減少食量。但此手術並不保證百份百成功，有時可能不減反加，因為減肥者偏差的飲食行為，例如少吃多餐，便會令體重再度回复。

62.針灸瘦身法根據中醫針灸專家的研究，針灸減肥的原理，其實是通過調整肥胖者的神經及內分泌功能，一方面抑制食慾及腸胃消化吸收的功能，減少攝取及儲存能量；另一方面，針灸可促進新陳代謝，增加人體能量的消耗，最終達致減肥的效果。通過針灸刺激適當穴位，可減弱腸胃蠕動及製造胃酸分泌，同時，更可增強肥胖者下丘腦及腎上腺髓質系統的功能，促進消化、呼吸、心血管和內分泌機能恢復正常作用，加快脂肪代謝，增加熱量的消耗。此外，針刺耳穴可激起飢餓中樞和飽食中樞的人為變化，影響身體的營養狀況；刺激迷走神經可影響胰島素的分泌，從而抑制食慾。除以上述功效外，針灸更有消腫利水的功能，扎刺穴道可以疏通經絡，幫助身體排出水分，使身體肥胖腫脹者體重下降。中醫認為利用針灸作減肥，應以10次治療為一個治療階段，30次為一個完整療程。初期宜每天接受治療，行針約20至30分鐘，後期可減為隔天治療1次。通常在完成一個治療階段後可減約2至5公斤，完成一個療程則可減約5至15公斤。若配合適當的飲食，效果將可更顯著。

63.耳穴針炙瘦身法耳穴療法在中國已有五千多年曆史，其理論是指人的耳朵與內臟器官有相互相關係，如內臟器官有變化時，耳朵便會出現反應。反過來說，如果刺激耳穴，便可對相連內臟產生一定的調節治療功效。注意事項：肥胖成因有許多，不是單單依靠減低食慾來進行減肥，而且刺激耳穴始終不及直接的針炙法效果顯著，但卻較方便簡單。減肥療程——沐浴

71.沐浴瘦身法人体在进行热水沐浴时将会流汗，这不但可以冲掉皮层的垢物，体内积聚的残余废物及多余的水分亦会随汗水一起排出，一方面可以消除浮肿，另一方面则可促进新陈代谢，使其成为易瘦的体质。 1. 入浴前，先喝1杯开水，若身体属于容易浮肿或新陈代谢缓慢，则可喝1杯熏衣草茶代替开水，冷热皆可。 2. 浸浴前，先由脚尖往上淋热水，然后才浸浴。浴缸的水温设定在38至40度左右，入浴剂应选用自己喜爱的香味，从而增加沐浴的乐趣和轻松的心情，若入浴剂含有盐、香草等发汗性强的瘦身成分则更佳。可在水中加入少许盐或酒以取代入浴剂，因为两者的效果相同。 3. 在水中泡约五分钟后，上水并休息5分钟，并慢慢喝1杯开水。 4. 休息过后，以丝瓜络或棉质的毛巾配以瘦身肥皂或按摩油，在身体脂肪积聚较多的地方打圈按摩数分钟。 5. 之后回到浴缸泡8至10分钟。最后，以冷水淋脚尖，让肌肤紧缩，整个过程便会完成。要谨记入浴后尽量避免进食，以免影响瘦身的效果。注意事项：这只能达到「易瘦体质」的目的，加上过程只集中排汗及放松身体，如浴后马上进食，必会更易增磅。

72.沐浴下身瘦身法中医学经常强调「头寒脚热」是最健康的，但一般人的体质正好与此相反，这很容易形成「体寒」的体质。体寒是致肥的因素之一，所以很多肥胖的人即使夏天亦会出现脚部冰冷的现象。以38至40度的温水，将膝盖以下部位浸于水中，可有效减掉下半身的脂肪。若持续以玫瑰香油浸脚，除可使「体寒」的身体渐渐复元，让血液流动恢复正常，促进新陈代谢。此外，身体大量排汗有助热量的消耗，可改善因身体局部循环性不良而导致的肥胖。注意事项：大量排汗只会帮助减少身体水份，并不能达到减肥烧脂的目的。

73.SPA瘦身法 SPA减肥疗程是每周3次以上，结合有氧运动、按摩、桑拿及配合卡路里摄取量的控制来消耗能量，排除水分，一个月可以瘦1至2公斤。不过，SPA减肥法并非甚么特别的疗法，其实只要减肥者肯花钱，并时刻提醒自己「正在减肥中」，减低「孤军作战」的心理压力，提高减肥的效果。注意事项：重点是花钱提高自己的持久度。

74.桑拿瘦身法桑拿对水肿型的肥胖者是最有效的，因为当人体处于高于体温的环境时，体内的调节机能会自动分解脂肪，消耗能量以增加散热，并大量排汗，减少体内水分。桑拿房的温度一般保持在80度，此时人体的毛细血管会极度扩张，新陈代谢加快，并大量出汗，同时排出体内毒质。于是脂肪就会透过转化为热量散热而被消耗掉，而排毒过程也顺便疏通了淋巴系统，防止局部脂肪的积聚。注意事项：桑拿的原意是透过排汗，令人有一种舒畅感。

75.海藻减肥皂瘦身法市面上有一种中国出产的海藻减肥皂，由于肥皂内所含的海草成分有收紧皮肤的效用，而且表面充满海藻碎片，能刺激散布皮肤上的穴道。使用者只需在脂肪积聚的地方以海藻皂按摩即可，至于成效是否显著，则因人而异。注意事项：效果是否显著是因人而异。

76.去除污垢瘦身法我们体内每天不断地有细胞死亡，这些残余废物堆积在皮肤的表面，形成我们平常说的污垢。污垢若没有清除，毛孔将逐渐被阻塞，使汗水不易排出。汗水一旦不排出，体内毒素亦会同时累积，使新陈代谢缓慢，这亦即是浮肿、易胖体质的起因。要预防这种恶性循环，最好就是彻底清洁皮肤上的污垢，采用者可在洗澡时使用柔软的毛巾、丝瓜、浴绵等适当地按摩皮肤，使血液流通畅顺，促进新陈代谢，使体质变的不易发胖。注意事项：彻底清洁皮肤能让毛孔再次通畅，但不一定可以达到减肥的目的。

資料來源：
http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/e36-028/article?mid=86

人生的十個秘密

2008-03-06T22:35:00.001+08:00

雖然以下的文章好像沒有以聖經的觀點來看人生, 但都算是一篇不錯的文章, 因為這文章主要是想帶出「生命是寶貴的, 千萬別讓它流走」, 不錯, 生命是寶貴的, 所以我們要珍惜生命, 和為到神在每一天所供給我們的一切而感恩!!!

1 當你愛上一個人而不被對方所愛, 是一件很傷害的事, 但最痛苦的莫過於你愛一個人而卻沒有勇氣讓他知道你的感受。

2 最好的朋友是那一種能夠讓你坐在鞦韆上, 不發一言, 然後靜靜地一起離開, 感覺就是從未有過最好的對話。

3 這是真實的~你永不知道你得到了甚麼直至你失去了的時候。而更加真實的是你永不會知道自己失去了甚麼直至他到達的時候。

4 要遇上一個人只要用一分鐘的時間, 要喜歡上一個人只要用一個鐘的時間, 要愛上一個人只要用一天的時間, 但要忘記一個人卻要用上一生的時間。

5 為自己的夢想而去想, 到自己想到的地方, 做自己想做的事, 因為你只有一次的人生及一次的機會去做這全部的事。

6 嘗試把自己放在對方的立場, 當你感覺受到傷害時, 很有可能他也是在被傷害。

7 最快樂的人並沒有需要擁有世上所有最好的事, 而只需要令到大部份的事能沿著自己的人生而來。

8 人生中一件傷心的事是當你遇見一個對你充滿意義的人, 但你卻在最後才發現。

9 一句不小心的說話會令一場罵戰展開, 一句殘酷的句子會摧毀你的一生, 一句愛的句子卻會是無限的喜悅和祝福。

10 愛由一個笑容開始, 用一個吻來成長, 用一滴眼淚來結束。當你出生時你一個人在哭, 而所有在旁的人在笑。因此請活出你的生命, 當你死的時候, 圍繞你的人在哭而你便是唯一一個在笑。

資料來源：
http://alanwkh.mysinablog.com/index.php?op=ViewArticle&articleId=1008904

巴菲特躍升全球首富, Facebook創辦人最年輕富豪

2008-03-06T22:09:00.002+08:00

全球首富換人了！有錢又樂善好施的美國股神巴菲特在富比世（Forbes）最新的全球富豪榜中登上第一名，終結微軟創辦人比爾蓋茲的13連霸紀錄。富比世調查，巴菲特的財產有620億美元（約1.9兆台幣）。

根據富比世5日公佈的全球富豪榜，巴菲特去年財產增加100億美元，以620億美元財產登上全球首富寶座﹔第二名是墨西哥的電信大亨史林姆，財產估計約600億美元（約1.8兆台幣）﹔比爾蓋茲滑落到第三名，最新財產估計為580億美元（約1.7兆台幣）。

富比世說，巴菲特躍升為全球首富尤其值得注意，因為全球正歷經金融動盪，而巴菲特又已經將一部分財產捐做慈善。富比世雜誌執行長富比世說：「儘管他每年都捐出一部份財產，柏克夏海威公司，這個巴菲特的金庫，股價仍迅速上漲。」巴菲特在2006年宣佈將把他名下85%的財產通通捐出來做慈善。

比爾蓋茲是在1995年擠下日本地產大亨堤義明首次成為富比世榜單上的全球首富，此後連續13年稱霸這份榜單，今年比爾蓋茲的微軟股票價格下跌，讓他身價一下子跌落到第三名，不但被好友巴菲特擠下，連史林姆也趕上他了。

總計今年登上富比世全球富豪榜的有1125人，比2007年多179人，總資產為4.4兆美元，上榜門檻是10億美元。富比世說，今年上榜者美國富豪最多，佔469人，總資產1.6兆﹔俄羅斯第二，有87人，而且以城市來論，住在莫斯科的富豪已經超過紐約市，莫斯科是現在全球10億美元富豪中心，印度，中國和土耳其的有錢人也見大幅增加。

富比世指出，由於美元貶值，這份榜單又以美元計價，因此讓美國以外地區的富豪在排名上比較有利，總計美國以外地區佔656位，資產2.8兆。

今年的新秀有226人，去年落榜今年回鍋的有16人，財富縮水落榜的有52人。去年第十名的亞洲首富香港富豪李嘉誠，今年以265億美元身價小跌到第11名。

今年最年輕富豪是現年23歲的社交網站Facebook創辦人祖克柏，估計身價有15億美元，富比世說，祖克柏還是這份富豪榜有史以來，靠白手起家致富上榜者最年輕的。此外，今年40歲以下富豪有68%靠自己打拚，並非前人庇蔭而致富。

資料來源：
http://www.ettoday.com/2008/03/06/185-2241219.htm

聽巴菲特的話　張宇股海撈金上千萬

2008-03-06T22:08:00.001+08:00

去年下半年開始，全球股市行情急轉直下，許多投資人上半年賺的不但全都吐回去，還有人倒賠，不過歌手張宇卻幸運躲過這一波股災，手上的投資獲利高達上千萬，原因就是他不但買進股神巴菲特旗下投資公司的股票成為股東，還嚴格遵守股神巴菲特的投資秘訣，台股大盤指數不到5千點絕對不進場！

深情款款張宇的唱功一流演藝圈公認，不過他的理財功力也是嚇嚇叫，因為他的理財之道，全是來自巴菲特的意見，張宇表示，「不太喜歡每天盯著電腦，漲了就趕快賣，跌了就趕快跑，因為我覺得我沒有那麼機伶。」

從15年前抽中五張中鋼股票開始，張宇就把股神巴菲特逢低買進，長期持有的投資法則奉為圭臬，到現在已經持有超過3百張，市價超過1400萬。甚至在8年前還花了193萬台幣，買了股神旗下的波克夏控股公司股票，現在已經飆漲到419萬，獲利高達226萬，報酬率超過1倍，而且除了自己投資股票，疼老婆的張宇還特地準備了一筆錢，讓十一郎也能享受股海撈金的樂趣。

即使夫妻感情超甜蜜，張宇跟十一郎投資模式卻完全不同，積極型的十一郎喜歡追逐強勢股，電子族群一向是她的最愛，而穩健型的張宇則是一路謹守巴菲特的投資方式，持有的中鋼、台塑全都是產業龍頭，而且最近他也看好金融股，首選就挑龍頭國泰金。

只是即使身為巴菲特的頭號粉絲，張宇卻說他並不打算飛到美國參加巴菲特的股東會，張宇指出，「能夠見到巴菲特，我也不知道要跟他說什麼，我猜想我講的可能跟其他人講的一樣吧！就是我很崇拜你啊！你幫助我們很多！」

利用股神秘訣穩穩投資，雖然堅持台股沒有到5千點決不進場，讓張宇已經兩年沒有買股票，不過卻也讓他躲過去年底股災，在股市獲利上千萬，成功創造滿手財富。

資料來源：
http://www.ettoday.com/2008/03/01/10845-2238649.htm

雙向滑蓋新力愛立信PSP手機清新照曝光

2008-03-06T22:07:00.001+08:00

年前，我們報道過最新版PSP手機的新聞，當時一張非常模糊的圖片隱約能看出這款PSP手機採用了類似于諾基亞N95的“雙向滑蓋”設計。而在數月之後的一天，北京時間2008年2月17日，該圖片的清晰版本在互聯網上出現，讓我們看清楚了“PSP手機”的詳細設計。

從圖上我們可以看出，新力Play Station系列標誌性的“叉號”、“圓圈”、“方框”、“三角”四個遊戲按鍵配合中心的確認鍵構成了“PSP手機”的導航鍵，向下打開滑蓋是數字鍵盤，可供用戶撥出電話、向上滑則是十字方向鍵，可以使用戶像握持PSP一樣進行遊戲。

再仔細查看這張圖片，我們能發現在方向鍵的左下角還有一個類似于PSP的“類比搖桿”，據悉該“PSP手機”的螢幕解析度為480×272，和PSP完全相同，但是沒有UMD光碟插槽，需要通過M2記憶棒進行遊戲，恰好由於破解的原因，目前UMD光碟插槽在PSP上的利用率極低。

雖然圖片上標明的是“新力愛立信PSP手機”，但是機身表面沒有一處新力愛立信的“小綠球”logo，卻有新力Play Station系列的logo。至於這款手機到底是不是新力愛立信要推出的PSP手機，還需要時間來證明。我們中關村線上手機頻道將持續關注這款雙向滑蓋的“PSP手機”。

資料來源：
http://big5.ccidnet.com:89/gate/big5/comm.ccidnet.com/art/5399/20080219/1364991_1.html

節後投資關注五因素

2008-02-21T20:12:00.002+08:00

2008年春節過後，以下五個方面的因素，將有可能為投資者帶來新的利潤增長點，需要投資者在具體的投資過程中加以留意。

　　第一，節前市場在美國次貸危機等綜合因素的影響下，出現了較為劇烈的震盪，這將在一定程度上為節後的市場創造投資機會。俗話說，投資機會是跌出來的。節前證券市場的震盪調整，為節後的市場創造了良好的進倉時機，這種變化需要投資者加以留意。

　　第二，伴隨著2007年年報的逐步披露，具有較強分紅能力的股票品種將逐步走進投資者的視野。因此，持有業績增長較快的上市公司股票，或者調倉配置這些股票，將會為基金未來淨值的增長帶來機會，需要投資者加以關注。

　　第三，隨著股市的震盪調整，與股市具有「蹺蹺板」效應的債市的投資價值或許再現。投資者在基金投資組合中配置一定的債券型基金產品，可以在一定程度上迴避證券市場對基金投資造成的衝擊和影響，能夠很好地平衡基金投資的風險。

　　第四，手中「閒置」資金為節後進行基金資產的配置創造了一定的條件。經過一年的打拼，投資者均會在年終得到一筆獎金或者紅包。具有節儉意識的投資者，在將此部分資金用於過節必需的消費外，還可作出相應的投資計劃，投資基金更能發揮積極作用。因為這部分資金的來源大多是「閒錢」，投資者可以作出充分的投資計劃和安排。

　　第五，基金年度資產的佈局和安排，也為投資者帶來較多的遐想。一年之計在於春。作為新年的開始，2008年的投資回報如何，相信基金管理人會作出全面的衡量，並根據市場變化進行調整，這些也是需要投資者加以關注的。

資料來源：
http://news.cnyes.com/dspnewsS.asp?rno=9&fi=%5CNEWSBASE%5C20080205%5CWEB213&vi=31927&sdt=20080203&edt=20080205&top=50&date=20080205&time=09:22:24&cls=index15_totalnews

要升級麼？給你10個不應該升級Vista的理由

2008-02-21T20:11:00.004+08:00

網上看到了一篇不該升級vista的理由，大家看看，說的有道理么？我想升級，但看了這個文章后，有點猶豫了...

以下繼續列出十個你不該升級Windows Vista的理由。

　　1、Vista的支持期比XP還長，但XP至少還享有微軟兩年的主要支持。同時在互聯網上已經有許多跟Windows XP(以及其它作業系統)有關的訊息。如果你的公司，或公司的員工很習慣XP，目前實在沒有必要為了Vista的支持去升級。

　　2、Vista與之前的作業系統可以說是不同的產品。許多的工具軟體與過去一樣或是類似，但還是有許多需要重學的東西。如果公司的訊息部門已經分身乏術，特地花時間去學習使用，並安裝Windows Vista，目前看來似乎不值得。

　　3、許多有名的應用程式無法在Vista上使用。iTunes與Nero之類的軟體在Vista上執行會有問題。事實上，幾乎所有與抓取音軌以及刻錄的程式在Vista上執行都有問題。如果這些重要的程式有兼容問題，一定有太多其它你可能每天使用的小程式會有問題。

　　4、英國The Register雜誌的Peter Gutmann把Windows Vista的DRM功能稱為“史上最長的自殺清單”。雖然在做為客廳的媒體器材方面，計算機已經有了大幅進展，但Vista推出的DRM功能在播放下一代數位內容(HD-DVD與藍光DVD)時，讓人十分難以接受。在播放內容時，器材的輸出與S/PDIF輸出都會關閉，讓Windows Vista作為娛樂系統的功能大減。

　　5、Windows Vista執行時需要更多的硬體運算能力－如果越需要計算機硬體，筆記本電腦的電池使用時間就會降低。就算只是執行Aero Glass界面，也會因為GPU（圖形處理單元）額外的運算處理，而讓你的電池更快沒電。每個抱著筆記本電腦在外奔走的人，在升級之前最好考慮這一點。

　　6、蘋果的OS X目前則是新一代桌面環境的領導者。就算是Aero Glass也無法與OS X的操控性相比（OS X已經推出超過五年）。Sun的Project Looking Glass是個免費軟體，也可以在XP上提供簡單的3D桌面功能。

　　7、Vista 很貴。這是一個無法否定的事實。微軟想要借由推出不同價格不同版本的Vista來緩和這一點。但不幸地，這其中許多版本的功能都不太健全，也造成消費者不必要的困惑。

　　8、DirectX 10只在Vista上執行，因而讓許多遊戲玩家等待這個新作業系統許久。不幸的是，他們要花的，可能不只是作業系統的錢，同時還需要支持DirectX 10的影像顯示卡。目前只有NVIDIA的8800晶片組兼容DirectX 10技術，其中最低端版本(GTS)的零售價是399美元。

　　9、Vista是目前作業系統中，對硬體要求最嚴苛的。如果要使用Windows Vista的所有功能，你需要1GHz的處理器，1GB的隨機存取內存，以及兼容于DirectX 9的顯示卡。雖然這可以讓你執行所有功能，但你得有更快的處理器與更多內存，才會有更好的性能表現。由於Aero Glass界面需要兼容于DirectX 9的圖形處理器，許多較舊的台式機與筆記本電腦，即使滿足其它需求，也都無法使用Aero Glass。

　　10、Aero Glass是Windows Vista的一個重要功能，但它會給予顯示卡多餘的負荷，影響遊戲的速度。有許多微軟的報告顯示，目前的遊戲如果在Vista上執行，最終會比在XP上執行慢上10到15個百分比。專為Vista系統所設計的遊戲會不會有這樣的性能問題，仍舊有待觀察。

資料來源：
http://macao838.com/viewthread.php?tid=204817

YouTube - 爆笑監獄兔(第26集)

2008-02-21T20:11:00.002+08:00

YouTube - 爆笑監獄兔(第25集)

2008-02-21T20:10:00.007+08:00

YouTube - 爆笑監獄兔(第24集)

2008-02-21T20:10:00.005+08:00

YouTube - 爆笑監獄兔(第21-23集)

2008-02-21T20:10:00.002+08:00

YouTube - 爆笑監獄兔(第16-20集)

2008-02-21T20:09:00.007+08:00

YouTube - 爆笑監獄兔(第11-15集)

2008-02-21T20:09:00.005+08:00

YouTube - 爆笑監獄兔(第06-10集)

2008-02-21T20:09:00.002+08:00

YouTube - 爆笑監獄兔(第01-05集)

2008-02-21T20:08:00.001+08:00

C朗偷發SMS罰12萬無視費爵爺禁令操練用手機

2008-02-14T22:30:00.002+08:00

http://hk.news.yahoo.com/080213/12/2oskb.html

這個冬天好像很長啊!!!

2008-02-14T22:29:00.001+08:00

這個冬天好像很長, 希望快些回暖吧!!!

天秤星號

2008-02-14T22:28:00.001+08:00

2008年春天(3月27日起)，天秤星號將再度進駐高港、基隆。想在海上享受悠閒假期，那現在正是時候！越早報名，優惠越多哦！

搭乘天秤星號無疑是一趟更舒適、更悠閒的渡假旅館風格體驗。世界級的精彩娛樂活動、豐富的餐飲服務、完善的運動與健身設施、更融合了亞洲溫暖的人情味，麗星郵輪的最佳品質保證讓大人、小孩都可以在天秤星號上創造屬於自我的獨特旅遊新體驗。

搭乘天秤星號，首先在船上享受各國豐盛佳餚就是一個滿足味蕾的絕佳體驗：「四季餐廳」的國際風味料理、「航海家自助餐廳」令人目不暇給的國際美食自助餐、「海華宮餐廳」的中式料理等，都會讓人暫時把減肥這檔事丟腦後。不過，想要來趟活力郵輪假期的人，當然就得好好享受天秤星號完整多樣的運動及健身設施：不管是在高爾夫練習場推桿、輕鬆地在泳池裡暢游、放鬆身心享受三溫暖及美容沙龍、或在健身中心快樂地甩去身上的贅肉，都能讓你盡情放鬆。除了白天的歡樂時光，在天秤星號上可是愈夜愈美麗！這裡精心為旅客準備了世界級的娛樂表演，讓旅客可以在「星塵劇院」欣賞國際級的歌舞表演、在「布姆爾迪斯可」勁歌熱舞、在豪華的「海星俱樂部」小試手氣，或者拋開塵事，在「銀河星夜總會」靜靜享受醇酒與音樂的美妙時光。當然，你也不用擔心家裡活蹦亂跳的小朋友，船上設有電子遊樂中心以及專屬的護幼中心，讓孩子也能享受一趟健康而快樂的郵輪體驗！

資料來源：

http://www.appletour.com.tw/urlpage/C1311.html

YouTube - NBA TV Top 10 February 13th

2008-02-14T22:27:00.002+08:00

YouTube - NBA TV Top 10 February 12th

2008-02-14T22:26:00.001+08:00

Xuite - 便條紙動畫

2008-02-14T18:06:00.001+08:00

YouTube - More Than A Mid-Range Shooter - Rip Hamilton

2008-02-14T18:05:00.004+08:00

Fans 設計的假想 PSP 和 NDS　可能成為官方參考方案嗎？

2008-02-14T18:05:00.002+08:00

http://www.gamebase.com.tw/news/gb_news.html?sno=82064297

如何用英文拜年?

2008-02-14T18:02:00.004+08:00

新一年又到了, 祝大家

恭喜發財 : Wishing you prosperity
招財進寶 : May money and treasure be plentiful
生意興隆 : Business prospers
出入平安 : Wishing you safety wherever you go
萬事如意 : Everything goes as you hope
青春常駐 : Full of youthful vigour
和氣生財 : Harmony brings wealth
一本萬利 : May you make great profits
步步高昇 : Be promoted to a higher position
花開富貴 : Fortune comes with blooming flowers
身壯力健 : Be healthy and vigorous all year
金玉滿堂 : Treasures fill the home
新春大吉 : Good fortune in the New Year
心想事成 : May all your wishes come true
龍馬精神 : The energy of a dragon and a horse

資料來源：
旅發局
http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/the-b/article?mid=1236

最凍和最長的農曆新年!!!

2008-02-14T18:02:00.002+08:00

今年(2008年)相信是近年來最凍的一年農曆新年了, 而且都持續了很多天, 但今年因為夠凍, 所以亦算是最有氣氛的一年農曆新年!

巴菲特的七種武器

2008-02-09T23:22:00.000+08:00

《巴菲特致股東的信》

　　《巴菲特怎樣選擇成長股》

　　巴菲特是第一位僅靠證券投資成為坐擁幾百億美元資產的世界級富豪，年複合增長率高達24%，就復利增長本身而言，這是一個驚人的成就。

　　巴菲特沒有寫過什麼書，頗有「述而不作」的意味。但他每年在伯克希爾·哈撒韋的公司年報中給股東寫上一封信，堪稱經典之中的經典。《巴菲特致股東的信》是一本將這些信件按照主題歸類而編輯成的一本書。巴菲特本人也認為，這本書比到目前為止的任何一本關於他的傳記都要好，如果他要挑選一本書去讀，那必定是這本書。另外，作為與巴菲特並肩作戰多年的另一位大師級人物，查利·芒格對該書的評語是「很實用」，這基本代表了兩位世界級投資大師共同的價值取向和個人偏好。

　　《巴菲特致股東的信》共分7個章節，幾乎濃縮了巴菲特投資生涯的精華以及最為看重的7個方向。這7個章節依次是：(1)公司治理、(2)公司財務與投資、(3)普通股的替代品、(4)普通股、(5)兼併與收購、(6)會計與估值、(7)會計政策與納稅問題。這7個方向幾乎構成了巴菲特投資哲學的「根本」。當然，這個「根本」與上市公司信息披露制度、會計制度、財稅制度等多種制度性安排有著十分緊密的聯繫。如果對公司治理結構、會計、信息披露以及債券等制度安排瞭解不多的話，那麼，僅僅依靠簡單的幾個財務數據作決策，並將其歸納為價值投資，這可能是比較危險的。另外，把「公司治理」放在巴菲特「7種武器」之首，這本身也是相當深刻的。

　　十分有價值的是，《巴菲特致股東的信》中也披露巴菲特自己所犯下的錯誤。由於這本書集納的是巴菲特歷年的公司年報，因此，巴菲特自然會對各種「敗局」進行完整解析。當然，這同時也成為該書最有價值之處，也反映出巴菲特是人而不是「神」。比如，該書中對買入美國航空公司優先股的「大失敗」進行了完整展示。巴菲特說：「這是一個草率分析的案例，是一起由買入一種優先證券導致的，或是因為傲慢導致的失誤。」

　　透過《巴菲特致股東的信》也可發現經營企業的奧秘、準則。事實上，把股票投資當做運營企業去看待，這也成為格雷厄姆、巴菲特等價值投資者有別於其他類型投資者的區別。

　　與他的老師格雷厄姆一樣，巴菲特行文相當優美、幽默，擅長運用比喻和經典，有時相當俏皮但又令人印象深刻、回味無窮，即使平時不做投資的普通人，也十分必要在書櫥給予該書比較高的位置。另外，即使沒有像巴菲特那樣的稟賦、耐心、自律，但若平時能夠安靜下來，多思考目前A股市場多年來的各種制度性的安排和發展，以及巴菲特所處時代中的美國經濟發生的變化，可能比「緣木求魚」式的價值投資更有意義得多。

資料來源：
http://news.cnyes.com/dspnewsS.asp?rno=18&fi=%5CNEWSBASE%5C20080202%5CWEB300&vi=31698&sdt=20080131&edt=20080202&top=50&date=20080202&time=10:08:01&cls=index15_totalnews

三國歷史上最不該被埋沒詆毀的十大人才

2008-02-09T23:19:00.000+08:00

在三國的風雲舞台上，有不少我們耳熟能詳的弄潮兒，他們當然是才華橫溢。可是更重要的是他們的面前都出現了不可多得的歷史機遇，讓他們乘時而上，從而名震當代。可是還有很多人，抱荊山璞玉而不為人知，或者雖然被賞識提拔卻未盡其才，或者命運多蹩所托非人而抱恨終生，歷史留下了他們光彩的一筆，卻沒有給他們應得的地位，徒讓後來者感慨悲傷。水鏡先生有云：孔明雖得其主，未遇其時，惜哉。嗚呼，至言也。　　

NO10　陳登

陳元龍這個人物在三國演義裡地位一般，只是在曹操收呂布的時候作為內應順便提了一下，給人的感覺此人不過是個耍陰謀的小角色，才幹上不了大雅之堂。不要說跟孔明、仲達這樣的當代豪傑比較，就是跟郭嘉、程昱這樣的二流人物相比也存在一定差距。可是歷史是否真的如此呢？非也。有一次一個叫許汜的人從廣陵過來，跟劉表談起了陳登，當時劉備寄住在劉表那裡。也在旁邊聽他們講話，這位許先生上來就抱怨：「陳登這個傢伙太沒有禮貌了，我這樣的名士到了哪兒吃不開啊。偏偏到了他那兒不收待見，就說住宿吧，他自己睡舒服的大床，讓我打地鋪。這個傢伙不禮賢下士，我看成不了什麼事兒。」劉表表示同意，劉備冷笑著說了話：「我太瞭解元龍了，他這個人腦子想的都是天下大事，最討厭跟無聊文人咬文嚼字。你這個人只知道風花雪月，一派小資情調，言談舉止沒有一點真知灼見。元龍對你那樣還算客氣呢，要是我的話，我自己睡百尺高樓，在地上挖個坑給你睡，還給你打地鋪呢。」又回頭鄭重的對劉表說，「像陳元龍的文武膽識，只能去跟古代的聖賢相比，當代的人物我看很少有能超過他的。」劉備這麼推許的一個人物，曹操卻沒當回事兒，滅了呂布後，曹操僅僅讓陳登當了廣陵太守。曹操討伐袁紹的時候，幾乎把各個州郡的精兵都抽走了，南方的防禦相當空虛。這個時候，江南的孫策開始蠢蠢欲動，越過長江，圖謀進攻廣陵。　陳登手裡的兵特別少，手下都很慌亂，陳登卻鎮定自若的說：「孫策雖然勇猛且兵多，但是他並不瞭解這裡的虛實，我看我們還是有機會擊敗他的。」於是命令士兵把旌旗都從城牆上拔下來，城裡的百姓不許隨便走動，看起來好像是被孫策嚇的逃跑掉一樣。在通往廣陵的大路兩側險要的地方，命令士兵多設立火堆和戰鼓。孫策的大軍來了，看到廣陵這個樣子，並沒有貿然攻城，在城南駐紮下來，刺探虛實。晚上，陳登命令各個地方一起火鼓大作，自己的城上也突然把旗子全插上去，擂鼓吶喊。孫策嚇壞了，趕緊逃掉，陳登命令士兵一起出城追殺，把後面的輜重全部虜獲。這一戰讓曹操對陳登刮目相看，正準備重用的時候，陳登害病死了。曹操悔恨良久，陳登剛投降過來的時候就對曹操陳述過討伐江南的戰略，曹操沒當回事兒。等到孫權在江東的勢力逐漸穩固後，曹操巡視合肥，往著遠處的長江，歎息良久。對手下說：「我真的好恨自己沒有早點用陳登的謀略！？

遺憾指數：5.5

NO9　曹植

曹植的才華如果僅僅是吟風弄月那也就沒什麼可遺憾的了，可是歷史上卻並非如此。曹操對子女的要求是相當嚴格的，根據各人的才華悉心的加以培養。比如長子曹丕在政務上是個好手，詩寫的也非常好；次子曹彰勇猛過人，雄烈英霸，曹操不斷的批評他有勇無謀，督促他多讀書學習兵法，後來果然曹彰成長為了一個出色的猛將，建安後期帶五萬幽州兵討伐北方少數民族，一舉滅掉了烏丸；可是曹操最喜歡最看中的卻是三兒子曹植，文采方面不用說肯定曹操是非常滿意的，曹操就注意在政治、軍事上給予開導和啟發。比如曹操南征孫權的時候，讓曹植駐守剛剛平定的袁紹的老窩鄴郡，讓他當兩年地方官，鍛煉一下處理繁雜政務的能力，臨走的時候敦敦教導說：「你今年23歲了，不小了，我在你這個年齡的時候是洛陽的警備司令，用大棒殺死了飛揚跋扈的宦官，你要好自為之啊。」曹植聽了很振奮，兢兢業業的辦事，遇到不明白的就請教經驗豐富的鮮於輔等人，把鄴管理的非常好，曹操非常滿意，這個時候就已經動了立他為世子的念頭。後來建安24年，關羽帶兵殲滅了於禁等人，威震華夏。

　　曹操的事業到了危機關頭，如果關羽攻克樊城，黃河以南則無險可守，兵烽直抵許昌，這個時候就會叛亂四起。在危機關頭，必須要派一名親信大將去解救樊城，曹操想到了曹植，任命他為南中郎將，作為統帥抵擋關羽。這個時候曹丕把曹植騙到府裡，灌醉了他，結果曹操大怒，一氣之下罷免了曹植。使曹植失去了統帥精銳大軍的機會，如果此時曹植牢牢的把握好軍權，佔據宛城，再配合在關西握有十萬大軍的曹彰，曹丕是絕對當不了皇帝的。後來的事情我們都知道了，曹丕即位以後立刻打壓曹植，把他流放到山東一帶看管。曹睿即位後對曹植的看管逐漸放鬆，並且給了他相當大的自由。曹植就在這個時候上了名垂青史的《求自試表》，我看了這個表，上面詳細的陳述了三國的形勢，並且結合曹操的用兵經驗提出了一套對吳蜀作戰的方略。文章感人至深，寫到：「我願意作為一個偏稗的校官，或者歸屬於西邊的大將軍曹真在陸地上衝鋒陷陣；或者歸屬於東方的大司馬曹休在江河上架舟馳騁；一定要擒住孫權抓獲諸葛亮，完成先皇的遺願，如果能夠為這個理想而奮鬥，就算讓我死我也沒有遺憾。」可是曹睿又怎麼會讓他稱心如意呢？只是寫了不疼不癢的四個字：其志可嘉。最後一代宗師終老深山。

NO8　魏延

劉備討伐平定了漢中以後，曾經考慮這麼重要的地方一定要派一個經驗豐富，作戰勇猛的名將來鎮守。當時人們都認為這個角色非張飛莫屬了，劉備統共哥仨，自己守西川，關羽守荊州，漢中理所當然要給張飛。張飛呢，也真的就這樣認為的，拉開架勢就準備上任了。結果呢，劉備宣佈漢中太守是魏延！整個大軍都驚呆了。在任命儀式上，劉備鄭重的問魏：「你打算怎麼守我的漢中？」，魏脖子一梗，硬生生的回答：「曹操如果親自帶著全天下的兵馬來進攻，那我就利用城池和險要來抗拒。如果只是偏將帶領十萬人馬來騷擾，我就打開城門迎戰，全部殲滅了他！「劉備大樂。

劉備死後，諸葛亮在南中一帶作戰回到成都，剛剛落下腳，兵馬還沒有來地及休整。魏國的大將郭淮和費耀就進攻涼州的羌人，破壞羌人和蜀漢的聯盟。這個時候諸葛亮對魏延說：」我沒有多餘的兵給你，你帶著漢中現有的兵去解救羌人吧。「魏延一笑：」還要動用國家的兵馬干什麼？我帶著一隊親兵，指揮著羌人就能幹敗這幫雜碎。「於是帶著少量輕銳親兵兵秘密的潛進了羌部，指揮著一幫被打爛了建制的少數民族兵馬在陽溪一帶大破魏兵。諸葛亮樂的合不龍嘴，立刻封他為征西大將軍和南鄭侯，職位高出了趙雲一大塊。可惜這是第一次也是最後一次魏延單獨的領兵，在之後的六出其山過程中，魏都是作為偏將在諸葛亮手下聽用。魏延常常感慨自己的才華並沒有被充分挖掘，越來越有怨氣，在鎮守街亭的重要崗位上，諸葛亮居然不用魏延這樣經驗豐富的將領，而是用了馬訴這個華而不實的東西。難怪陳壽後來說：諸葛亮應變機略非其所長。

遺憾指數：6.5

NO7　桓范　
　如果曹爽信得著他，天下也許根本就沒有司馬氏什麼事兒了。渭橋兵變的時候，中外一片混亂，形式悔暗不明，大臣們不知所措。這個時候有一個人是清醒的，這就是大司農桓范。他當機立斷，搶到了大司馬印，斬關奪鎖突圍出了洛陽。司馬懿聽到他逃走的消息，跺著腳歎息：「糟糕了，要壞事，智囊走脫了。」蔣濟對司馬說：「沒事兒，他自然很可怕，不過我看曹爽那個膽小鬼未必敢聽他的計謀呢。」桓范到了亂成一團的曹爽軍中，立刻清醒的分析了形勢，並慷慨激昂的說到：「這裡到許昌，不到半宿，城中糧草足可以支撐好幾年。調動天下兵馬的大司馬印現在就在我手裡！閣下還怕什麼呢？且如今天子在手中，打著皇帝的旗號號令天下，國中的將領一看就知道該跟隨誰了！」可是曹爽這個窩囊廢還是不敢，說了一句窩囊至極的話：「我現在不指望在掌權了，回家守著幾畝地當個富家翁總可以吧。」桓范氣的哭罵：「你父親曹真是個頂天立地的漢字，可是生下來的兒子怎麼比豬還蠢啊！！！」

遺憾指數：7　　
NO6　姜維

相比之下，他還是比較幸運的，剛剛27歲就做到了征西將軍一職。諸葛亮誇獎他說：「姜伯約文武雙全，膽略過人。而且忠於漢王朝，真是涼州這個地方的瑰寶啊！我看可以讓他去訓練精銳虎步軍，等戰事結束，我帶他去見皇帝。」諸葛亮這樣看重的人才在費禕手裡遭殃了，費這個人有才華，但是比較散漫，沒有什麼大志向。姜維多次向他陳述討伐魏國，費懶洋洋的說：「咱們跟丞相比都差遠了，丞相沒辦成的事兒，咱們能辦成？」有時候實在架不住姜的嘮叨，就給他幾千人，讓他去騷擾魏國邊境。後來費死了後，姜維才像出了籠子的猛虎，帶著幾萬人討伐涼州，在桃西一帶大敗魏國，殲滅了幾萬人，這是從劉備漢中戰役後，蜀漢在西線獲得的最大的戰果。魏國如果不是陳泰傻大膽兒當機立斷迎風直上打了個出其不意的話，整個涼州都要被蜀漢吞併了（連鄧艾這樣的猛人當時都說姜維太厲害，應該避一下，還是放棄涼州的好。）後來姜在蜀漢被排擠，到踏中去屯田。這個時候姜維建議在陽平關和陰平橋兩個地方加強防守，可是蜀漢的君臣沒有一個當回事兒。後來果然鍾會攻克陽平奪了漢中，鄧艾偷渡陰平直達成都，事情的發展和姜預料的一樣。這個時候姜轉戰到了劍閣，聽說鄧到了成都城下，建議諸葛瞻不要出去和鄧硬碰，守住綿陽一帶的險要就好了，鄧懸軍深入糧草不夠，自然就完蛋了。可是諸葛瞻不聽，出師迎戰，果然被鄧打敗了。姜維這個時候還沒有放棄，讓劉蟬組織成都防禦戰，等待自己回師。可是劉蟬卻投降了，姜維聽到這個消息後，恨的拔出了配刀猛砍路邊的石頭！！！

後來在成都的慶功宴上，鄧艾撓了撓花白的腦袋醉醺醺的說：「姜伯約也不愧是當代的一個英雄了，可惜他遇到了這樣的主子，當然也加上遇到了我，才走投無路了啊。」

遺憾指數：7.5

NO5　廖立　　
並不知道這個人有沒有真本事，反正在三國歷史上，沒怎麼看他的表現。不過在史書上，有這麼一筆。劉備在赤壁之戰後，佔據了荊州，他開始細心的查訪人才，這個時候諸葛亮說：「找兩個人就夠用了，一個是龐統，一個是廖立。別人都白扯。」劉備就找到了這兩個，在進川的時候，劉備帶走了一個，就是龐統，統死了，叫諸葛亮進川，把廖立放在了荊州。後來荊州兵敗，廖立逃回了西川，劉備讓他擔任侍中、長水校尉。不過廖立這個人覺得自己才華不止這個位子，還看不起李嚴，對李爬在自己頭上不服氣，就生了怨言。諸葛亮開始還能容忍，後來覺得這小子越來越不著調，就給免了。

　　廖立後來在文山少數民族地區居住了下來，後來姜維攻打唯國從文山這個地方過的時候去拜見了廖立，廖立抗著脖子不搭理他，姜維也沒有辦法。真搞不明白，這傢伙怎麼這麼狂？按理來說如果真的是華而不實，諸葛亮不會那麼推薦，還把他跟龐統比。但是也難說，諸葛亮看走眼的時候也不少。這個入選有點勉強，不過如今這樣的人倒是不少，也不知道他真有本事還是假有本事，混的也不怎麼樣，可誰他都看不上，我們公司就有這麼個傢伙。

遺憾指數：8　　

NO4　馬超

　　在三國演義裡，馬超的身世是非常悲慘的，他全家三百多口被曹操誘騙屠殺。在討伐曹操失敗後退回甘肅，自己的兩個兒子又被信任的部將殺死，最後投靠了劉備，總算是見了天日，得到了劉備充分的信任，一直擔任著把手漢中的重任，並且被授予了驃騎大將軍的顯爵，在榮譽和恩寵中幸福的度過了最後的歲月。讓不少人在同情他的同時又少感安慰。但是，歷史上的馬超在投靠劉備後日子過的是非常壓抑和痛苦的，他幾乎沒有什麼朋友，並且處處受到排擠和壓制，在惶恐中度過了後半生。

演義中說他是在諸葛亮討伐南中後和北伐中原前去世的，推測一下大概是建安五年或者六年的事兒，但是歷史上他死的非常早，章武二年就死了，當時他只有四十七歲。馬超死的時候給劉備寫了一篇非常簡短淒苦的奏折：我全家都被曹操殺了，沒什麼親人，連個後代都沒有，只有個弟弟馬岱請您好好幫我照料，在地下我也就感恩了。為什麼這個當年舉涼州造反，席捲關西的一代名將身後是這樣的悲慘呢？這還要從他的身世說起。

　　馬超的父親馬騰當時並非是被曹操誘騙到許昌的，是他自己自願歸降曹操，曹操為了安撫涼州的諸侯，對他還是不錯的，封了他衛尉。馬騰也把家都搬到了許昌，準備過安慰幸福的後半生了。但是後來曹操謀劃進攻漢中的張魯的時候，鍾繇就勸曹操說：先別著急進攻，如果我們從長安出兵向西，必然會惹起馬超和韓遂的懷疑，以為我們假道伐虢。曹操並沒有聽，也許他認為馬超有人質在自己手裡，投鼠忌器，不敢造反；也許他就是想挑撥馬超造反，解決這個在北方唯一能夠威脅自己的力量。他放出風去，說自己要出兵漢中。　　果然馬超置自己的父親和家人於不顧，真的造反了，曹操馬上殺了馬超全家三百多口，並且在潼關一帶擊敗了馬超。馬超敗退回了甘肅，並沒有一蹶不振，而是聯合了羌部繼續反對曹操，經過幾年的努力，建安十八年，馬超幾乎控制了全部的涼州。後來夏侯淵西征，馬超的內部出現了分裂，老婆和兩個兒子被部將殺死，無奈之下，馬超投靠了張魯。可是馬超這種英雄豈是張魯之輩所能限量？他太出色，太響亮，把張魯手下的一幫無能庸才給比的委瑣不堪。有人進讒言說：馬超這個人不能信任，他連自己的父親都能出賣，何況是主子呢？張魯聽了果然對馬超防備很嚴，這有點兒像當初的呂布了，能耐很大，做人也很失敗。　　後來劉備西征劉章，張魯考慮到劉章如果完蛋自己也好不了，於是派馬超去葭萌關進攻劉備。劉備當時正在全力進攻成都，沒有多餘的兵力分出來對付馬超，張飛，趙雲等將正在掃請成都的外圍，也並沒有參與到與馬超的戰鬥中。只是派了個李恢去勸降，馬超在張魯那裡混的本來就不如意，這次出兵也只是借用自己的名聲去威懾一下，手裡並沒有指揮權，於是就跟隨李恢投降了劉備。馬超投降後來到成都劉備軍中，劉備非常高興，立刻放出了風聲，說馬超來投降了。當時劉章還是準備堅持戰鬥等待外援的，但一聽說馬超歸了劉備，立刻沒有了堅守的信心，舉城投降。

　　劉備平定了西川後給馬超封了官——平西將軍，是劉備陣營裡職位最高的武官了。但是馬超這個人的名氣實在太大了，這在當時的劉備陣營裡是誰都比不了的。關羽就有點兒嫉妒馬超，寫信給諸葛亮問馬超的人才怎麼樣（關羽當時並沒有提說到西川和馬超比武）。諸葛亮回信說：馬超這個人文武雙全，雄烈勇猛，就想漢朝開國時候的英布和彭越一樣，可以跟張飛並駕齊驅，但是比不了你的超然絕倫啊。我們都知道關羽的脾氣喜歡出格恭維，他拿出信來滿世界的宣揚，借此來壓服馬超。馬超這個人自己也有問題，大大咧咧，當時劉備的身份只是個漢朝的左將軍，馬超呢見了劉備也不怎麼尊敬。總是直接喊劉備的名字，比如：嗨，玄德。這讓劉備很不舒服，張飛也看不過去，總想找個機會教訓他一下。後來孫權派呂蒙討伐荊州，劉備帶張飛，馬超沿水路到了公安和關羽匯合。

　　在一次開軍事會議上，關張故意早早的來到劉備身邊，馬超不知道，還是大大咧咧進來就喊：嗨，玄德。關羽當時就火了，和張飛拔出劍來命令馬超給劉備下跪。馬超當時嚇壞了，整個後背都是汗，撲通一聲就跪下了，從此再也不敢對劉備不敬了。這件事情對馬超的觸動是很大的，從那以後馬超就變的謹慎小心了，夾著尾巴做人。我們都知道一個武將要是沒有了性格那麼他的才華也就被泯滅了，在後來討伐漢中的過程中，馬超的表現讓劉備相當不滿意。完全不見了當初席捲關西的威風，磕磕絆絆的跟一個曹洪打了個互有勝負，甚至被一個老黃忠給搶了風頭，馬超的威望也一天一天的下降。漢中平定後，劉備甚至寧可用魏延來鎮守，也不用馬超，在內心深處，劉備對馬超是有著深深的防備的。

　　回到成都後，發生了一件大事，有個叫彭漾的人由於不受劉備重用，一肚子牢騷，到處亂講話。他跟馬超的私交還不錯，一次喝醉了，在馬超的寓所裡說了幾句對劉備不尊敬的話。我們知道馬超被刺激以後是非常敏感的，當時他的處境是「羈旅歸國，常懷危懼」——《三國誌。蜀書。馬超傳》，立刻向劉備報告，最後劉備把彭漾給殺了。這樣一件事情其實傳出去是相當不光彩的，人家信任你，把你當朋友，和你說幾句心裡話，你一轉身把人家賣了。從那以後，人人見了馬超都躲的遠遠的，誰都不敢招惹他。　馬超呢，從此更加的委瑣小心，在孤獨和壓抑中度過了後半生，章武二年，年僅四十七歲就早早的離開了人世。綜觀馬超的一生，讓人不能不為這個才華出眾而又際遇窘迫的將軍扼腕歎息。這個十七歲從軍，二十歲就大破郭援威鎮河東的一代名將如此淒惶的走完了自己的後半生。其中有劉備山頭主義的原因，更多的是他自己做人的失敗。

遺憾指數：8.5

NO3　黃權

　　黃權和劉巴這兩個人物在三國演義裡不出彩，不過卻是劉備生前很看重的人物，比如黃權，甚至可以說是劉備繼關張後最倚重的大將，比馬超都受寵。黃權原來是劉章的部下，和劉巴一樣，都非常反對和劉備結盟。

　　後來劉備攻克成都後，也表現出來了強硬和氣節，但是劉備是什麼樣的人物，靠軟磨硬泡和封官許願終於是把黃權給拿下了。劉備通過於黃權的談話發現這個人文武雙全，在投降過來的將佐裡真的是出類拔萃，從此徹底的愛上了他，黃權從此也就走上了青雲之路。

　　建安二十年春，曹操去漢中討伐張魯，黃權對劉備說：漢中這個地方太重要了，我們不能袖手旁觀，得派兵去救援張魯。劉備說：好吧，我看這件事情就交給你辦算了。於是黃權就動身去了巴西集結軍隊，沒想到張魯太不抗打，抵抗了五個月就完蛋了，黃權事兒沒辦成，只好回到了成都。但是黃權的「漢中情結」一直沒有了，後來曹操安置了夏侯淵鎮守漢中，自己回去了。黃權和法正使勁的攛掇劉備趕緊拿下漢中，劉備聽從了他的話，經過了多年的苦戰終於把漢中搞定了。

　章武二年，黃權跟隨劉備進攻東吳，劉備的推進速度是非常快的。黃權著急的跟劉備說：我們進入敵人的疆土太深了，這樣容易出事兒，得放緩一點兒！劉備不聽，黃權沒法子，只好又勸劉備：您自己的身份太重要了，不要老是親自擔任大軍的前鋒，如果一擔受挫，對士氣影響太大了，要不乾脆讓我當前鋒，如果遇到挫折還不至於壞了全局。劉備還是不聽，對黃權說：沒事兒，你不能擔任前鋒，你得在江北幫我保護側翼，防備曹丕從宛城偷襲我們，這個責任更大啊。後來劉備兵敗，黃權在江北回不了家，只好投降了曹丕。當時大臣都勸劉備殺了黃權一家，劉備說：算了，黃權對的起我，當初要是聽他的絕對不會敗的那麼慘，他也是沒法子。曹丕對黃權也很尊敬，給他封了個前將軍的大官。

　　黃權這個人非常嚴肅，臉板的跟水似的，從來就沒球表情。沒人看到過他的喜怒哀樂，司馬懿就很不信邪，老想看黃權失態後是什麼樣子，就派人偷偷把黃權的車輪子上的銷子給拔了，在上朝的路上偷偷的隱蔽起來瞧樂子。果然，黃權的車走到半路上突然嘩啦一聲散了，黃權呢，還是一點兒表情沒有，起來撣撣土，沒事兒似的走了。司馬懿看了後暗子佩服，逢人就說黃權這個人啊了不得，嚴肅的跟泰山似的，深得像一口井一樣啊。但是在魏國，黃權就沒怎麼帶過兵，也沒出什麼大風頭，大概是感念劉備的知遇之恩吧，活的稀里糊塗的。劉備也對黃權犯相思病，後來他接見馬忠（就是跟隨諸葛亮六出其山的那個馬忠，不是給關羽下絆子的那個東吳的馬忠）的時候說：唉，你還真有點兒象黃權呢，雖然沒有了公衡（黃權的字），卻得到了你，可見世界上並不缺少賢才，只是人們不留心罷了。

遺憾指數：9

NO2　田豫

　　田豫在年輕的時候在公孫瓚手下幹活，不受重視，當時劉備也在公孫瓚那裡存身。認識了田豫，劉很喜歡這個小傢伙，跟他閒聊。聊著聊著就越來越吃驚，發現田豫真的很有才華。後來田豫混的不好，正好媽媽親病了，辭職回家。劉備特別捨不得，拉著田的手還哭了：「我真恨自己沒有福氣，不能跟你一同成就大事啊。」　　後來公孫瓚的部將王門勾結袁紹造反，打到公孫瓚的幽州城下了，公孫瓚害怕的要死。田這個時候回到了公孫的幕府，就說：「我去跟王談談。」去了趟王的軍營，說了半天也不知道說了啥，反正出了軍帳的時候王門臉羞得通紅，於是撤兵。後來公孫瓚死了，幽州那個地方的人推舉鮮於輔擔任頭領，田就去投奔了鮮於。鮮於懼怕袁紹強大，想歸順，田說：「袁紹什麼東西，我看不如歸順曹操。」後來田在曹操手下幹活，他瞭解北方的風土人情，非常懂得用兵的謀略，曹彰討伐烏丸的時候，田就是軍中的謀主，給曹彰出了不少的好點子。曹彰特別欣賞他，就推薦給曹操，曹操一下子就上了心，讓他擔任了幽州刺史。

田在北方戰功卓著，伐鮮卑，伐烏丸，伐遼東幾乎是魏北方的藩蔽，而且他精心訓練幽州兵和投降的少數民族騎兵，每年向國家提供一大批精兵和戰馬，是魏國兵員的最主要的輸出地，在西線和南線作戰的最驍勇善戰的兵馬都來自幽州。田的貢獻這麼大，可是官一直上不去，為什麼呢？他打下城市後得到的金銀朱寶全賞賜給手下了，所以他手下打仗特別拚命。朝廷裡有人就開始說說田有好東西也不給皇上，自己享受，而且封賞手下太濫。皇帝曹睿特別喜歡珠寶，一聽田有還不交上來，就討厭田，所以好多年都不升他的官。後來司馬懿上台，就想提拔他，田氣的給司馬寫了封信：「我都七十多了，鬍子都白了，還提拔什麼。留著位子給年輕人吧，別讓年輕人再重複我的老路！」

遺憾指數：9.5

NO1　龐統

　　我一直覺得龐統應變的才幹要比諸葛亮強，比如在入川以後，劉彰和劉備之間的微妙關係一天一個變化，龐統總能制定出最合適的應變策略。

　　最終二劉在涪水反目，劉彰已經開始著手佈置對付劉備。這個時候龐統制定了三個計策：上策輕騎直取成都；中策立刻攻克涪關，下策回去。在危機時刻化解了劉備的窘境，劉備從此更加倚重龐統了。可惜天妒英才，龐統死了，死的時候才36歲，如果他活到諸葛亮那個年齡，又能為蜀漢政權多做多少事情呢？

遺憾指數：10

資料來源：
http://www.ectalking.com/discuz/redirect.php?fid=181&tid=413611&goto=nextoldset

Facebook

2008-02-09T04:09:00.000+08:00

Facebook is a social networking website, launched on February 4, 2004. Facebook was founded by Mark Zuckerberg, a former Harvard student. Initially the membership of Facebook was restricted to students of Harvard College. It was subsequently expanded to MIT, Boston University, Boston College, and all Ivy League schools within two months. Many individual universities were added in rapid succession over the next year. Eventually, people with a university (e.g .edu, .ac.uk, etc.) email address from institutions across the globe were eligible to join. Networks were then initiated for high schools on February 27, 2006 and some large companies. Since September 11, 2006, anyone 13 or older may join.[2][3] Users can select to join one or more participating networks, such as a school, place of employment, geographic region, or social group.

The site has more than 62 million active users (including non-collegiate members) worldwide.[4] From September 2006 to September 2007 the site's traffic ranking increased from 60th to 7th, according to Alexa.[5] It is the most popular website for uploading photos, with 14 million uploaded daily.[4]

The name of the site refers to the paper facebooks depicting members of the campus community that some U.S. colleges and preparatory schools give to incoming students, faculty, and staff as a way to get to know other people on campus.

Operations
The site is free to users and generates revenue from advertising including banner ads and sponsored groups (in April 2006, revenue was rumored to be over $1.5 million per week).[6] Users create profiles that often contain photos and lists of personal interests, exchange private or public messages, and join groups of friends. The viewing of detailed profile data is restricted to users from the same network or confirmed friends. According to TechCrunch, "about 85% of students in [previously] supported colleges have a profile [on the site]. [Of those who are signed up,] 60% log in daily. About 85% log in at least once a week, and 93% log in at least once a month." According to Chris Hughes, spokesman for Facebook, "People spend an average of 19 minutes a day on Facebook."[7] In a 2006 study conducted by Student Monitor, a New Jersey-based limited liability company specialising in research concerning the college student market, Facebook was named as the second most "in" thing among undergraduates, tied with beer and sex and losing only to the iPod.[8]

History
Mark Zuckerberg founded "The Facebook" in February 2004, while attending Harvard University, with support from Andrew McCollum and Eduardo Saverin. By the end of the month, more than half of the undergraduate population at Harvard were registered on the service. At that time, Zuckerberg was joined by Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes for site promotion and Facebook expanded to Stanford, Columbia, and Yale.[9] This expansion continued in April of 2004 when it expanded to the rest of Ivy League and a few other schools. At the end of the school year, Zuckerberg and Moskovitz moved out to Palo Alto, California with McCollum, who had a summer internship at Electronic Arts. They rented a house near Stanford University where they were joined by Adam D'Angelo and Sean Parker. Soon McCollum decided to leave EA and help with the development of Facebook and a companion website, Wirehog, full-time. In September, Divya Narendra, Cameron Winklevoss and Tyler Winklevoss, the owners of the social networking website HarvardConnection, subsequently changed to ConnectU, filed a lawsuit against Facebook, alleging that Zuckerberg had illegally used source code intended for the website they asked him to build for them.[10][11] Also at that time, Facebook received approximately $500,000 from PayPal co-founder Peter Thiel in an angel round. By December, Facebook's user base had exceeded one million.

2005
In May 2005, Facebook raised $12.8 million in venture capital from Accel Partners.[12] On August 23, 2005, Facebook bought the domain name facebook.com from the Aboutface Corporation for $200,000 and dropped "the" from its name. At that time the site was overhauled, a change intended to make profile pages more user-friendly, according to Zuckerberg. Also that month McCollum went back to Harvard although he continued to serve as a consultant and returned to work on staff during the summers. As before, Hughes remained in Cambridge while he performed his duties as company spokesperson. Then, on September 2, 2005, Zuckerberg launched the high school iteration of Facebook, calling it the next logical thing to do. While initially described as separate "communities" to which users needed to be invited to participate, within only fifteen days most high school networks did not require a password to join (although registration with Facebook was still necessary.) By October, Facebook's expansion had trickled down to most small universities and junior colleges in the United States, Canada, and the UK, in addition to having expanded to twenty-one universities in the United Kingdom, the entire Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM) system in Mexico, the entire University of Puerto Rico network in Puerto Rico, and the whole University of the Virgin Islands network in the U.S. Virgin Islands. On December 11, 2005, universities in Australia and New Zealand were added to the Facebook network, bringing its size to more than 2,000 colleges and more than 25,000 high schools throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Ireland.[13]

2006
On February 27, 2006, Facebook began allowing college students to add high school students as friends due to requests from users.[14] About a month later, on March 28, 2006, BusinessWeek reported that a potential acquisition of the site was under negotiation. Facebook reportedly declined an offer of $750 million, and it was rumored that the asking price was as high as $2 billion.[15] In April, Peter Thiel, Greylock Partners, and Meritech Capital Partners invested an additional $25 million in the site.[16] In May, Facebook's network extended into India, at Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs). The following month Facebook threatened to seek costs of up to $100,000 from Quizsender.com for copyright infringement for allegedly copying the "look and feel" of Facebook.[17][18] On July 25, new services were offered in the site that would potentially produce additional revenue. A promotion was arranged between Facebook and iTunes, in which members of the Apple Students group would receive a free 25 song sampler each week until September 30 in various music genres. The promotion's purpose was to make students more familiar with and enthusiastic about each service as fall classes approached.[19] In the early half of August, Facebook added universities in Germany and high schools in Israel, (Haifa, Jerusalem, and Qiryat Gat) to its network. On the 22nd of that month, Facebook introduced Facebook Notes, a blogging feature with tagging, embedded images, and other features, also allowing the importation of blogs from Xanga, LiveJournal, Blogger, and other blogging services. This newly added feature also included the common blog feature of allowing readers to comment on users' entries. On September 11, 2006, Facebook became open to all users of the Internet, prompting protest from its existing user base.[20] Two weeks later, Facebook opened registration to anyone with a valid e-mail address.[21]

2007
On May 10, 2007, Facebook announced a plan to add free classified advertisements to its website, making it a competitor with established online companies such as Craigslist.[22] This feature, known as Facebook Marketplace, went live on May 14, 2007; Facebook launched an API that allows the development of applications to be used on the site, known as Facebook Platform.[23]

In June, the partnership begun the previous year between iTunes and Facebook continued, with the download service again offering free music samplers through the Apple Students group.

In July, Facebook announced its first acquisition, purchasing Parakey, Inc. from Blake Ross and Joe Hewitt. In August, the company was featured in a Newsweek cover story by Steven Levy in the magazine's annual college edition.[24] Facebook hired YouTube's former CFO Gideon Yu on July 24, 2007. Gideon Yu succeeded Michael Sheridan.[25]

In October Microsoft purchased a 1.6% share in the company for $240 million.[26] An outright sale of Facebook is said to be unlikely as founder Mark Zuckerberg would like to keep it independent.[citation needed]

On November 7, 2007, Facebook announced Facebook Ads; Facebook Beacon, a marketing initiative which includes a system for websites to allow users to share chosen information about their activities on the sites with their Facebook friends ;[27] the capability of businesses to host pages on Facebook for various brands, products and services (Facebook Pages); a targeted ad serving program based on user and friend profile and activity data (Facebook Social Ads); and a service for providing businesses with advertisement analytic data including performance metrics (Facebook Insights). With respect to privacy, Facebook states that "no personally identifiable information is shared with an advertiser in creating a Social Ad," and that "Facebook users will only see Social Ads to the extent their friends are sharing information with them".[28] Facebook Ads replaces the site's previous Facebook Flyers program.[29] On November 30, 2007, it was reported that Hong Kong billionaire Li Ka-shing had invested $60 million in Facebook.[30]

On 5 December 2007, Mark Zuckerberg publicly apologized for the way that Facebook launched the Beacon system, saying "The problem with our initial approach of making it an opt-out system instead of opt-in was that if someone forgot to decline to share something, Beacon still went ahead and shared it with their friends."[31] Beacon can now be disabled through a new External websites section in Privacy.[32]

Site features

The Wall
The Wall is a space on each user's profile page that allows friends to post messages for the user to see. One user's wall is visible to anyone with the ability to see their full profile, and different users' wall posts show up in an individual's News Feed. Many users use their friends' walls for leaving short, temporal notes. More private discourse is saved for Messages, which are sent to a person's Inbox, and are visible only to the sender and recipient(s) of the Message, much like email.

In July 2007, Facebook allowed users to post attachments to the wall,[33] whereas previously the wall was limited to textual content only.

Photos
One of the most popular applications on Facebook is the Photos application, where users can upload albums of photos, tag friends, and comment on photos. According to Facebook,[34] there are:

1.7 billion user photos
2.2 billion friends tagged in user photos
160 terabytes of photo storage used with an extra 60 terabytes available
60+ million photos added each week which take up 5 terabytes of disk space
3+ billion photo images served to users every day
100,000+ images served per second during peak traffic windows

Gifts
In February 2007, Facebook added a new gift feature to the website. Friends could send "gifts" -- small icons of novelty items designed by former Apple designer Susan Kare -- to each other by selecting one from Facebook's virtual gift shop and adding a message. Gifts given to a user appear on the recipient's wall with the giver's message, unless the giver decided to give the gift privately, in which case the giver's name and message is not displayed to other users. Additionally, all gifts (including private gifts) received by a user are displayed in the recipient's "gift box" (right above their wall on their profile), marked with either the first name of the user (for public gifts) or the word "Private." An "Anonymous" option is also available, by which anyone with profile access can see the gift, but only the recipient will see the message. None will see the giver's name, and the gift will go in the recipient's gift box but not the wall.

Facebook users are given one free gift to give upon account signup. Each additional gift given by a user costs US$1.00. The initial selection of gifts was Valentine's Day themed, and 50% of the net proceeds (after credit card processing fees were taken out, etc.) received through February 2007 were donated to the charity Susan G. Komen for the Cure. After the month of February, the proceeds were no longer donated. Soon after, Facebook began making one new gift available each day, most of which had a limited supply or were available for a limited time.

With the advent of Applications came a way to subvert the required US$1.00 payment; however, the gifts in the "Free Gifts" application, created by Zachary Allia,[35] are not the same as the official gifts, as they are displayed in a different manner.

Marketplace
In May 2007, Facebook introduced the Facebook Marketplace allowing users to post free classified ads within the following categories: For Sale, Housing, Jobs, and Other. Ads can be posted in either available or wanted format.[36] The market place is available for all Facebook users and is currently free.[37]

Pokes
Facebook includes a "poke" feature that allows one user to send a "poke" to another. According to Facebook's FAQ section on the Poke Feature, "a poke is a way to interact with your friends on Facebook. When we created the poke, we thought it would be cool to have a feature without any specific purpose. People interpret the poke in many different ways, and we encourage you to come up with your own meanings." In principle, this is intended to be a "nudge" to attract the attention of the other user. However, while many Facebook users, as intended, use the feature to attract attention or say hello,[38] some users construe it as a sexual advance.[39] This interpretation of the feature inspired a popular Facebook group titled "Enough with the Poking, Lets Just Have Sex," which, as of February 2008, has more than 355,500 members.

There are several applications such as "X Me" and "SuperPoke!" that allow users to put any action in place of the word "poke."

Status
The "status" feature allows users to inform their friends and the Facebook community of their current whereabouts and actions. Facebook originally prompted the status update with "User name is..." and Facebook users filled in the rest. However, on December 13, 2007, the requirement to start a status update with "is" was removed, and all status updates read "User name ..."[40] Status updates are noted in the "Recently updated" section of a user's friend list.

Events
Facebook events are a way for members to let friends know about upcoming events in their community and to organize social gatherings.[41] Events require an event name, tagline, network, host name, event type, start and end time, location & city, and a guest list of friends invited. Events can be open, closed, or secret. When setting up an event the user can choose to allow friends to upload photos, video, and posted items.

Applications

On May 24, 2007, Facebook launched the Facebook Platform,[42] which provides a framework for developers to create applications that interact with core Facebook features. Even games such as chess and Scrabble are available. As of January 31, 2008, there are more than 14,000 applications.[43]

Third-party websites such as Adonomics, which provides application metrics, and blogs such as AppRate, Inside Facebook and Face Reviews have sprung up in response to the clamor for Facebook applications.

On July 4, 2007, Altura Ventures announced the "Altura 1 Facebook Investment Fund," becoming the world's first Facebook-only venture capital firm.[44]

On August 29, 2007, Facebook changed the way in which the popularity of applications is measured, in order to give more attention to the more engaging applications, following criticism that ranking applications only by the number of users was giving an advantage to the highly viral, yet useless applications.[45] Tech blog Valleywag has criticized Facebook Applications, labeling them a "cornucopia of uselessness."[46] Others have called for limiting third-party applications so the Facebook "user experience" is not degraded.[47][48]

Primarily attempting to create viral applications is a method that has certainly been employed by numerous Facebook application developers. Stanford University even offered a class in the Fall of 2007, entitled, Computer Science (CS) 377W: "Create Engaging Web Applications Using Metrics and Learning on Facebook". Numerous applications created by the class were highly successful, and ranked amongst the top Facebook applications, with some achieving over 3.5 million users in a month.[49]

Facebook Video
During the time that Facebook released its platform, it also released an application[50] of its own for sharing videos on Facebook. Users can add their videos with the service by uploading video, adding video through Facebook Mobile, and using a webcam recording feature. Additionally, users can "tag" their friends in videos they add much like the way users can tag their friends in photos.

Technical details

Facebook Markup Language
Facebook Markup Language ("FBML") is a variant evolved subset of HTML with some elements removed. It allows Facebook application writers to customise the "look and feel" of their applications, to a limited extent. It is the specification of how to encode your content so that Facebook's servers can read and publish it, which you will need to use in your Facebook-specific feed so that Facebook's system can properly parse your content and publish it as specified.[51] You set the FBML for a profile box by calling profile.setFBML through the API. The FBML is cached on Facebook's server until profile.setFBML is called again through a canvas page. The official FBML documentation is now hosted on the Facebook Developers Wiki.The FBML will expand to something like this:

The fb_sig value is generated using all of the other fb_sig_ parameters (but without the "fb_sig_" prefix included in their names) identically to how it is generated in the API authentication scheme. The fb_sig_user and fb_sig_session_key parameters will only be included if the user has a valid session with the application.[52]

Model of the domain

The diagram on the right, expressed using the UML standard notation for class diagrams, represents a subset of the information managed by Facebook. It gives a concise picture of the various entities, relations and fields stored in the database.

For instance, the diagram shows what fields are associated with the notion of Job, School, CreditCard, ScreenName, and so on (see the corresponding yellow boxes representing classes).

Note that this is a conceptual class diagram: it describes the concepts rather than the implementation and the detail of the database. For more information about technical models, see FQL - Facebook Query Language (SQL-like query language).

Infrastructure

For running its operations Facebook uses the software bundle known as LAMP.[53]

Sale rumors

In 2006, with the sale of social networking site MySpace to NewsCorp, rumors surfaced about the possible sale of Facebook to a larger media company. Zuckerberg, the owner of Facebook, had already said that he did not want to sell the company and denied rumors to the contrary.[54] He had already rejected outright offers in the range of $975 million, and it was not clear who might be willing to pay a higher premium for the site. Steve Rosenbush, a technology business analyst, suspected Viacom might.[55]

In September 2006, serious talks between Facebook and Yahoo! took place for the acquisition of the social network, with prices reaching as high as $1 billion.[56] In October 2007, after Google purchased video-sharing site YouTube, rumors circulated that Google had offered $2.3 billion to outbid Yahoo!.[57] Peter Thiel, a board member of Facebook, indicated that Facebook's internal valuation is around $8 billion based on their projected revenues of $1 billion by 2015, comparable to that of Viacom's MTV brand[58] and based on shared target demographic audience.

In September 2007, Microsoft approached Facebook, proposing an investment in return for a 5% stake in the company. Microsoft would pay an estimated 300 to 500 million dollars for the share. Other companies such as Google had also expressed interest in buying a portion of Facebook.[59] On October 24, 2007, Microsoft announced[60] that it had bought a 1.6% share of Facebook for $246 million[61][62]

Use in investigations

Main article: Use of social network websites in investigations
The information students provide on Facebook has been used in investigations by colleges, universities, and local police. Facebook's Terms of Use[63] specify that "the website is available for your personal, noncommercial use only", misleading some to believe that college administrators and police may not use the site for conducting investigations. Furthermore, some employers look at Facebook profiles of prospective employees or interns. Information posted on Facebook is potentially accessible to employers with faculty or alumni accounts.[64]

Blocking of Facebook Abroad
In November of 2007, Facebook was blocked by the Syrian government on the premise that it promoted attacks on the authorities.[65][66] No comment was made from the government that blocked it, which has started a crackdown on online political activism in that period. Burma and Bhutan are among many[citation needed] nations to have banned the website.

Responses

Schools blocking access

The University of New Mexico (UNM) in October 2005 blocked access to Facebook from UNM campus computers and networks, citing unsolicited e-mails and a similar site called UNM Facebook.[67] After a UNM user signed into Facebook from off campus, a message from Facebook said, "We are working with the UNM administration to lift the block and have explained that it was instituted based on erroneous information, but they have not yet committed to restore your access." UNM, in a message to students who tried to access the site from the UNM network, wrote, "This site is temporarily unavailable while UNM and the site owners work out procedural issues. The site is in violation of UNM's Acceptable Computer Use Policy for abusing computing resources (e.g., spamming, trademark infringement, etc.). The site forces use of UNM credentials (e.g., NetID or email address) for non-UNM business." However, after Facebook created an encrypted login and displayed a precautionary message not to use university passwords for access, UNM unblocked access the following spring semester.[68]

The Columbus Dispatch reported on June 22, 2006, that Kent State University's athletic director had planned to ban the use of Facebook by athletes and gave them until August 1 to delete their accounts.[69] On July 5, 2006, the Daily Kent Stater reported that the director reversed the decision after reviewing the privacy settings of Facebook.

Since it violates many school boards terms of use for the internet along with local and state laws, many school boards in North America and Europe that run elementary through high schools have access to Facebook blocked. Students caught using Facebook and other sites similar to that will be required to serve various punishments, ranging from temporary or permanent exclusion of computer privileges on campus to expulsion. Hacking using proxy servers in schools may result in suspension or expulsion.

Organizations blocking Facebook
Ontario government employees, MPPs, and cabinet ministers were blocked from access to Facebook on government computers in May 2007.[70] When the employees tried to access Facebook, a warning message "The Internet website that you have requested has been deemed unacceptable for use for government business purposes". This warning also appears when employees try to access YouTube, MySpace, gambling or pornographic websites.[71] However, innovative employees have found ways around such protocols, and many claim to use the site for political or work-related purposes.[72]

The New South Wales Department of Education and Training has also blocked all users (students and staff) from accessing Facebook, as have many other government departments in Australia. The City of New York Department of Health and Hospitals blocks Facebook from use at work.

Facebook memorials

A notable ancillary effect of social networking websites, particularly Facebook, is the ability for participants to mourn publicly for a deceased individual. On Facebook, students often leave messages of sadness, grief, or hope on the individual's page, transforming it into a sort of public book of condolences. This particular phenomenon has been documented at a number of schools.[73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82] Previously, Facebook had stated that its official policy on the matter was to remove the profile of the deceased one month after he or she has died,[83] preventing the profile from being used for communal mourning, citing privacy concerns. Due to user response, Facebook amended its policy. Its new policy is to place deceased members' profiles in a "memorialization state".[84]

Additional usage of Facebook as a tool of remembrance is expressed in group memberships on the site. Now that groups are community-wide and available among all networks, many users create Facebook groups to remember not only a deceased friend or individual, but also as a source of support in response to an occurrence such as the September 11, 2001 attacks or the Virginia Tech massacre in April 2007.

Such memorial groups have also raised legal issues. Notably, on January 1, 2008, one such memorial group posted the identities of murdered Toronto teenager Stefanie Rengel, whose family had not yet given the Toronto Police Service their consent to release her name to the media, and her accused killers, in defiance of Canada's Youth Criminal Justice Act which prohibits publishing the names of underage criminals.[85] While police and Facebook staff attempted to comply with the privacy regulations by deleting such posts, they noted that it was difficult to effectively police the individual users who repeatedly republished the deleted information.[86].

Customization and security

Facebook is often compared to MySpace but one significant difference between the two sites is the level of customization. MySpace allows users to decorate their profiles using HTML and CSS while Facebook only allows plain text. However, a number of users have tweaked their profiles by using "hacks." On February 24, 2006, a pair of users exploited a cross-site scripting (XSS) hole on the profile page and created a fast-spreading worm, loading a custom CSS file on infected profiles that made them look like MySpace profiles.[87] Notably, both users are now employed by Facebook.[citation needed] On April 19, 2006, a user was able to embed an iframe into his profile and load a custom off-site page featuring a streaming video and a flash game from Drawball. He has since been banned from Facebook.[88] On March 26, 2006, a user was able to embed JavaScript in the "Hometown" field of his profile which imported his custom CSS.[89] In each case, Facebook quickly patched the holes, typically within hours of their discovery. In July 2007, Adrienne Felt, an undergraduate student at the University of Virginia, discovered a cross-site scripting (XSS) hole in the Facebook Platform that could inject JavaScript into profiles, which was used to import custom CSS and demonstrate how the platform could be used to violate privacy rules or create a worm.[90] This hole took Facebook two and a half weeks to fix.[91]

Legal challenges over concept rights

Lawsuit from Connectu.com

Founder of Facebook.com, Mark Zuckerberg, has been accused of illegally using both the concept and source code from competing site Connectu.com. In November 2003, ConnectU engaged Mark Zuckerberg, then a sophomore at Harvard, to complete the computer programming for their website. Upon joining the ConnectU team, Zuckerberg was given full access to the website source code. Allegedly, Zuckerberg intentionally hampered the development of ConnectU while using code originally intended for ConnectU in the development of Facebook.

Since its original filing in Massachusetts in September 2004,[11] the lawsuit was dismissed without prejudice due to technicality on March 28, 2007, but was never ruled on. It was refiled soon thereafter in U.S. District Court in Boston, and a preliminary hearing was scheduled for July 25, 2007.[92] Facebook asked the district court to dismiss the case. The attorneys representing Facebook referred to the allegations as "broad brush" with no evidence to support them.[93]

Aaron Greenspan & houseSYSTEM

Aaron Greenspan, a Harvard classmate of Mark Zuckerberg, claims that he created the original college social networking system, before either Facebook or ConnectU were founded.[94]

Privacy concerns
Further information: Criticism of Facebook
There have been some concerns expressed regarding the use of Facebook as a means of surveillance and data mining. Theories have been written about the possible misuse of Facebook[95] and privacy proponents have criticised the site's current privacy agreement.[96] According to the policy, "We may use information about you that we collect from other sources, including but not limited to newspapers and Internet sources such as blogs, instant messaging services and other users of Facebook, to supplement your profile." However, some features—such as AIM away-message harvesting and campus newspaper monitoring—have been dropped and Facebook has since responded to the concerns. Facebook has assured worried users the next privacy policy will not include the clause about information collection and has denied any data mining is being done "for the CIA or any other group."[97] However, the possibility of data mining by private individuals unaffiliated with Facebook remains open, as evidenced by the fact that two MIT students were able to download, using an automated script, over 70,000 Facebook profiles from four schools (MIT, NYU, the University of Oklahoma, and Harvard) as part of a research project on Facebook privacy published on December 14, 2005.[98]

Another clause that some users are critical of reserves the right to sell users' data to private companies, stating "We may share your information with third parties, including responsible companies with which we have a relationship." This concern has also been addressed by spokesman Chris Hughes who said "Simply put, we have never provided our users' information to third party companies, nor do we intend to."[99] It is unclear if Facebook plans to remove that clause as well.

Third party applications have access to almost all user information and "Facebook does not screen or approve Platform Developers and cannot control how such Platform Developers use any personal information."[96]

In August 2007 the code used to dynamically generate Facebook's home and search page as visitors browse the site was accidentally made public, according to leading internet news sites.[100][101] A configuration problem on a Facebook server caused the PHP code to be displayed instead of the web page the code should have created, raising concerns about how secure private data on the site was. A visitor to the site copied, published and later removed the code from his web forum, claiming he had been served legal notice by Facebook.[102] Facebook's response was quoted by the site that broke the story[103]

“ A small fraction of the code that displays Facebook web pages was exposed to a small number of users due to a single misconfigured web server that was fixed immediately. It was not a security breach and did not compromise user data in any way. Because the code that was released only powers the Facebook user interface, it offers no useful insight into the inner workings of Facebook. The reprinting of this code violates several laws and we ask that people not distribute it further. ”

In the UK, the Trade Union Council has encouraged employers to allow their staff to access Facebook and other social networking sites from work, provided they proceed with caution.[104]

In September 2007, Facebook drew a fresh round of criticism after it began allowing non-members to search for users, with the intent of opening limited "public profiles" up to search engines such as Google in the following months.[105]

In November 2007, Facebook launched a new part of its Ads system named Beacon that published Facebook users' activities on partner websites such as eBay, Fandango, Travelocity, and Blockbuster to their friends. Moveon.org created an online petition due to privacy concerns, and Facebook modified the service to some extent. However, privacy concerns have continued in the wake of a report by a security researcher at Computer Associates that noted that data on users' activities is often still sent to Facebook, even if a user has opted-out on the partner site and logged out of Facebook.

Concerns were also raised on the BBC's Watchdog programme in October 2007 when Facebook was shown to be an easy way in which to collect an individual's personal information in order to facilitate identity theft.[106]

Statistics

(Approximate numbers as of January 2008)[4]

Active users: Over 60 million
Daily new user average: 250,000
Page views: Over 65 billion per month
Searches: Over 500 million per month[107]
Search index size: 200GB
Largest countries: US, Canada, UK
Remaining top 10 countries in order of active users (outside of the U.S., Canada and UK): Australia, Turkey, Sweden, Norway, South Africa, France, Hong Kong.
Largest networks: London, UK:[108] 2,000,124[109] and Toronto, Canada: 1,012,604[110]
Largest United States college networks: The Ohio State University: 72,144,[111] University of Minnesota: 72,288,[112] Texas A&M University: 76,014,[113] Penn State University: 98,016[114][115]
Traffic rank: 7th[5]
Photos: 1.7 billion (which averages to about 44 photos per user)[116]
On March 2, 2007, a poll conducted by eMarketer.com of American youths in the United States discovered Facebook was the most viewed site among all respondents with more females aged 17-25 (69%) visiting the site than males (56%).[117]

In 2007, the word "facebook" came in 2nd on Merriam-Webster's Words of the Year.[118]

See also
Social network service
List of social networking websites
Use of social network websites in investigations
Beacon (Facebook)
Peter Thiel

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^ McCarthy, Caroline (2007-10-24). Microsoft acquires equity stake in Facebook, expands ad partnership. CNet. Retrieved on 2007-11-08.
^ Michael Liedtke, AP Business Writer (2007-10-24). Microsoft Buys Facebook Stake for $240M. Retrieved on 2007-12-05.
^ Facebook Terms of Use May 24, 2007
^ Morgan, Lauren. "Facebook can hurt employment chances", The Red and Black (University of Georgia), 2005-12-05. Retrieved on 2005-12-09.
^ Yacoub Oweis, Khaled & Aboudi, Sami (November 23), "Syria blocks Facebook in Internet crackdown", Reuters, <http://news.yahoo.com/s/nm/20071123/wl_nm/syria_facebook_dc_1>
^ "Syrian gov't blocks use of Facebook", The Jerusalem Post, November 24, 2007.
^ Fort, Caleb. "CIRT blocks access to Facebook.com", Daily Lobo (University of New Mexico), 2005-10-12. Retrieved on 2006-04-03.
^ "Popular web site, Facebook.com, back online at UNM", University of New Mexico, 2006-01-19. Retrieved on 2007-04-15.
^ Loew, Ryan. "Kent banning athlete Web profiles", The Columbus Dispatch, June 22, 2006. Retrieved on 2006-10-06.
^ "Organizations blocking facebook", CTV news.
^ Facebook banned for Ontario staffers: Bureaucrats, MPPs can't visit social website from their work computers May 3, 2007.
^ Ontario politicians close the book on Facebook by Omar Ha-Redeye
^ Net generation grieves with Facebook postings
^ On Facebook, life after death
^ Suspect in Souers' Death in Maximum Security Prison
^ Prott, Dylan. "Son, friend remembered as 'free spirit'", College Heights Herald, 2006-11-14. Retrieved on 2006-12-14.
^ Iorg, Emily. "Student Colby McLain remembered", University News, 2005-12-05. Retrieved on 2006-04-10.
^ Batista, Sarah. "UVA Student Remembered", Charlottesville Newsplex, 2005-11-21. Retrieved on 2006-04-10.
^ Negrin, Matt. "University responds to SMG junior's death", Daily Free Press, 2005-11-21. Retrieved on 2006-04-10.
^ Gardner-Quinn, Michelle. "UVM Memorializes Slain Student", Burlington Free Press, 2006-10-15. Retrieved on 2006-10-15.
^ Bernhard, Stephanie. "Community mourns death of Pagan '06", Brown Daily Herald, 2006-01-25. Retrieved on 2006-04-10.
^ Ohio State U.: Facebook used as a memorial to remember Ohio State U. student..
^ Kristina Kelleher, Facebook profiles become makeshift memorials, The Brown Daily Herald, 2007-02-22
^ "USAToday article", USAToday, 2007-05-08.
^ "Facebook proves problematic for police", The Globe and Mail, January 5, 2008.
^ "Angry Facebook Users Illegally Leaked the Names of Accused Underage Murderers", Digital Journal, January 5, 2008.
^ Laverdet, Marcel (2006-02-26). Why XSS is my favorite type of vulnerability. Retrieved on 2006-10-15.
^ Romero, John. The Super Facebook Saga. Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
^ Facelifting the Facebook (2006-03-26). Retrieved on 2006-11-27.
^ Defacing Facebook (1007-07-27). Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
^ Defacing Facebook (1007-08-16). Retrieved on 2007-08-17.
^ Facebook Tries to Fend Off Copyright-Infringement Claim: Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg will defend against copyright-infringement allegations tomorrow July 24 2007]].
^ Facebook site faces fraud claim (HTML). BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-07-25.
^ Who Founded Facebook? A New Claim Emerges (HTML). NY Times. Retrieved on 2007-09-02.
^ Smith, Josh (2005). Big Brothers, Big Facebook: Your Orwellian Community. The Color of Infinity. Retrieved on 2006-04-03. (mirrored on Common Ground Common Sense Forums)
^ a b Facebook Privacy Policy (2007-08-12). Retrieved on 2007-08-12.
^ Morse, Jacob (2006). Facebook Responds. Cogito. Retrieved on 2006-04-03.
^ Jones, Harvey, & José Hiram Soltren (2005). "Facebook: Threats to Privacy". (PDF)
^ Peterson, Chris. "Who's Reading Your Facebook?", The Virginia Informer, 2006-02-13.
^ Hoffman, Harrison. "Facebook's source code goes public", CNET News.com, 2007-08-12.
^ Richards, Jonathan. "Facebook Source Code Leaked Onto Internet", FOX, 2007-08-14.
^ "Facebook's PHP leak SNAFU", Computer World, 2007-08-14.
^ Cubrilovic, Nik. "Facebook Source Code Leaked", TechCrunch, 2007-08-11.
^ Get a life and allow your staff to use Facebook (Times Online)
^ "Facebook Opens Profiles to Public", BBC Online, 2007-09-07.
^ Facebook Security, BBC Watchdog 2007-10-24
^ Agarwal, Aditya (2007-07-05). Do we really need to write our own search engine?. The Facebook Blog. Retrieved on 2008-01-07.
^ Facebook (2007-09-17). London Calling. Retrieved on 2007-11-10.
^ London network on Facebook. It is a live counter, and will update instantly (requires registration)
^ Toronto network on Facebook. It is a live counter, and will update instantly (requires registration)
^ Ohio State network on Facebook
^ Minnesota network on Facebook
^ Texas A&M network on Facebook
^ Penn State network on Facebook
^ Sidenote: All appear on the list of largest United States universities by enrollment.
^ Facebook Photos Infrastructure May 21, 2007.
^ "Facebook Extends Lead As Fave Young Adult Site", eMarketer, 2007-03-02.
^ Merriam-Webster's Word of the Year 2007. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved on 2007-12-27.

External links
Facebook
http://www.facebook.com/
The Facebook Blog
http://blog.facebook.com/
Facebook Platform
http://developers.facebook.com/

資料來源：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook

Life insurance

2008-02-06T22:41:00.000+08:00

Life insurance or life assurance is a contract between the policy owner and the insurer, where the insurer agrees to pay a sum of money upon the occurrence of the insured individual's or individuals' death. In return, the policy owner (or policy payer) agrees to pay a stipulated amount called a premium at regular intervals or in lump sums (so-called "paid up" insurance). There may be designs in some countries where: (Assets, Bills, and death expenses plus catering for after funeral expenses should be included in Policy Premium. Anyone whose assets equal more than the value of their primary residence should not be compensated beyond that value in case they cannot sell their house. In the case of those whose lost their spouse should be compensated also for one full year the wages of their spouse which would or should be included to avoid lawsuits.) However in the United States, the predominant form simply specifies a lump sum to be paid on the insured's demise.

As with most insurance policies, life insurance is a contract between the insurer and the policy owner (policyholder) whereby a benefit is paid to the designated Beneficiary (or Beneficiaries) if an insured event occurs which is covered by the policy. To be a life policy the insured event must be based upon life (or lives) of the people named in the policy.

Insured events that may be covered include:

death
accidental death
sickness
Life policies are legal contracts and the terms of the contract describe the limitations of the insured events. Specific exclusions are often written into the contract to limit the liability of the insurer; for example claims relating to suicide (after 2 years suicide has to be paid in full)(in India after one year Suicide is covered), fraud, war, riot and civil commotion.

Life based contracts tend to fall into two major categories:

Protection policies - designed to provide a benefit in the event of specified event, typically a lump sum payment. A common form of this design is term insurance. Investment policies - where the main objective is to facilitate the growth of capital by regular or single premiums. Common forms (in the US anyway) are whole life, universal life and variable life policies.

Parties to contract
There is a difference between the insured and the policy owner (policy holder), although the owner and the insured are often the same person. For example, if Joe buys a policy on his own life, he is both the owner and the insured. But if Jane, his wife, buys a policy on Joe's life, she is the owner and he is the insured. The policy owner is the guarantee and he or she will be the person who will pay for the policy. The insured is a participant in the contract, but not necessarily a party to it.

The beneficiary receives policy proceeds upon the insured's death. The owner designates the beneficiary, but the beneficiary is not a party to the policy. The owner may change the beneficiary unless the policy has an irrevocable beneficiary designation. With an irrevocable beneficiary, that beneficiary must agree to any beneficiary changes, policy assignments, or cash value borrowing.

In cases where the policy owner is not the insured (also referred to as the cestui qui vit or CQV), insurance companies have sought to limit policy purchases to those with an "insurable interest" in the CQV. For life insurance policies, close family members and business partners will usually be found to have an insurable interest. The "insurable interest" requirement usually demonstrates that the purchaser will actually suffer some kind of loss if the CQV dies. Such a requirement prevents people from benefiting from the purchase of purely speculative policies on people they expect to die. With no insurable interest requirement, the risk that a purchaser would murder the CQV for insurance proceeds would be great. In at least one case, an insurance company which sold a policy to a purchaser with no insurable interest (who later murdered the CQV for the proceeds), was found liable in court for contributing to the wrongful death of the victim (Liberty National Life v. Weldon, 267 Ala.171 (1957)).

[edit] Contract terms
Special provisions may apply, such as suicide clauses wherein the policy becomes null if the insured commits suicide within a specified time (usually two years after the purchase date; some states provide a statutory one-year suicide clause). Any misrepresentations by the insured on the application is also grounds for nullification. Most US states specify that the contestability period cannot be longer than two years; only if the insured dies within this period will the insurer have a legal right to contest the claim on the basis of misrepresentation and request additional information before deciding to pay or deny the claim.

The face amount on the policy is the initial amount that the policy will pay at the death of the insured or when the policy matures, although the actual death benefit can provide for greater or lesser than the face amount. The policy matures when the insured dies or reaches a specified age (such as 100 years old).

[edit] Costs, insurability, and underwriting
The insurer (the life insurance company) calculates the policy prices with an intent to fund claims to be paid and administrative costs, and to make a profit. The cost of insurance is determined using mortality tables calculated by actuaries. Actuaries are professionals who employ actuarial science, which is based in mathematics (primarily probability and statistics). Mortality tables are statistically-based tables showing expected annual mortality rates. It is possible to derive life expectancy estimates from these mortality assumptions. Such estimates can be important in taxation regulation.[1] [2]

The three main variables in a mortality table have been age, gender, and use of tobacco. More recently in the US, preferred class specific tables were introduced. The mortality tables provide a baseline for the cost of insurance. In practice, these mortality tables are used in conjunction with the health and family history of the individual applying for a policy in order to determine premiums and insurability. Mortality tables currently in use by life insurance companies in the United States are individually modified by each company using pooled industry experience studies as a starting point. In the 1980s and 90's the SOA 1975-80 Basic Select & Ultimate tables were the typical reference points, while the 2001 VBT and 2001 CSO tables were published more recently. The newer tables include separate mortality tables for smokers and non-smokers and the CSO tables include separate tables for preferred classes. [3]

Recent US select mortality tables predict that roughly 0.35 in 1,000 non-smoking males aged 25 will die during the first year of coverage after underwriting.[2] Mortality approximately doubles for every extra ten years of age so that the mortality rate in the first year for underwritten non-smoking men is about 2.5 in 1,000 people at age 65.[3] Compare this with the US population male mortality rates of 1.3 per 1,000 at age 25 and 19.3 at age 65 (without regard to health or smoking status).[4]

The mortality of underwritten persons rises much more quickly than the general population. At the end of 10 years the mortality of that 25 year-old, non-smoking male is 0.66/1000/year. Consequently, in a group of one thousand 25 year old males with a $100,000 policy, all of average health, a life insurance company would have to collect approximately $50 a year from each of a large group to cover the relatively few expected claims. (0.35 to 0.66 expected deaths in each year x $100,000 payout per death = $35 per policy). Administrative and sales commissions need to be accounted for in order for this to make business sense. A 10 year policy for a 25 year old non-smoking male person with preferred medical history may get offers as low as $90 per year for a $100,000 policy in the competitive US life insurance market.

The insurance company receives the premiums from the policy owner and invests them to create a pool of money from which it can pay claims and finance the insurance company's operations. Contrary to popular belief, the majority of the money that insurance companies make comes directly from premiums paid, as money gained through investment of premiums can never, in even the most ideal market conditions, vest enough money per year to pay out claims.[citation needed] Rates charged for life insurance increase with the insured's age because, statistically, people are more likely to die as they get older.

Given that adverse selection can have a negative impact on the insurer's financial situation, the insurer investigates each proposed insured individual unless the policy is below a company-established minimum amount, beginning with the application process. Group Insurance policies are an exception.

This investigation and resulting evaluation of the risk is termed underwriting. Health and lifestyle questions are asked. Certain responses or information received may merit further investigation. Life insurance companies in the United States support the Medical Information Bureau (MIB) [4], which is a clearinghouse of information on persons who have applied for life insurance with participating companies in the last seven years. As part of the application, the insurer receives permission to obtain information from the proposed insured's physicians.[5]

Underwriters will determine the purpose of insurance. The most common is to protect the owner's family or financial interests in the event of the insured's demise. Other purposes include estate planning or, in the case of cash-value contracts, investment for retirement planning. Bank loans or buy-sell provisions of business agreements are another acceptable purpose.

Life insurance companies are never required by law to underwrite or to provide coverage to anyone, with the exception of Civil Rights Act compliance requirements. Insurance companies alone determine insurability, and some people, for their own health or lifestyle reasons, are deemed uninsurable. The policy can be declined (turned down) or rated.[citation needed] Rating increases the premiums to provide for additional risks relative to the particular insured.[citation needed]

Many companies use four general health categories for those evaluated for a life insurance policy. These categories are Preferred Best, Preferred, Standard, and Tobacco.[citation needed] Preferred Best is reserved only for the healthiest individuals in the general population. This means, for instance, that the proposed insured has no adverse medical history, is not under medication for any condition, and his family (immediate and extended) have no history of early cancer, diabetes, or other conditions.[citation needed] Preferred means that the proposed insured is currently under medication for a medical condition and has a family history of particular illnesses.[citation needed] Most people are in the Standard category.[citation needed] Profession, travel, and lifestyle factor into whether the proposed insured will be granted a policy, and which category the insured falls. For example, a person who would otherwise be classified as Preferred Best may be denied a policy if he or she travels to a high risk country.[citation needed] Underwriting practices can vary from insurer to insurer which provide for more competitive offers in certain circumstances.

Life insurance contracts are written on the basis of utmost good faith. That is, the proposer and the insurer both accept that the other is acting in good faith. This means that the proposer can assume the contract offers what it represents without having to fine comb the small print and the insurer assumes the proposer is being honest when providing details to underwriter.[citation needed]

[edit] Death proceeds
Upon the insured's death, the insurer requires acceptable proof of death before it pays the claim. The normal minimum proof required is a death certificate and the insurer's claim form completed, signed (and typically notarized).[citation needed] If the insured's death is suspicious and the policy amount is large, the insurer may investigate the circumstances surrounding the death before deciding whether it has an obligation to pay the claim.

Proceeds from the policy may be paid as a lump sum or as an annuity, which is paid over time in regular recurring payments for either a specified period or for a beneficiary's lifetime.[citation needed]

[edit] Insurance vs. assurance
Outside the United States, the specific uses of the terms "insurance" and "assurance" are sometimes confused. In general, in these jurisdictions "insurance" refers to providing cover for an event that might happen, while "assurance" is the provision of cover for an event that is certain to happen. However, in the United States both forms of coverage are called "insurance".

When a person insures the contents of their home they do so because of events that might happen (fire, theft, flood, etc.) They hope their home will never be burglarized, or burn down, but they want to ensure that they are financially protected if the worst happens. This example of Insurance shows how it is a way of spending a little money to protect against the risk of having to spend a lot of money.

When a person insures their life they do so knowing that one day they will die. Therefore a policy that covers death is assured to make a payment. The policy offers assurance on death; even if the policy has a prescribed termination date the policy is still assured to pay on death and therefore is an assurance policy. Examples include Term Assurance and Whole Life Assurance. An accidental death policy is not assured to pay on death as the life insured may not die through an accident, therefore it is an insurance policy.

A policy might also be assured for other reasons. For example an endowment policy is designed to provide a lump sum on maturity. Under certain types of policy the lump sum is guaranteed. Therefore, this may also be called an assurance policy.

The test of whether a policy is assurance or insurance is that with an assurance policy the insured event will definitely occur (at some point) whereas with an insurance policy there is a risk the insured event might occur.

With regard to Whole Life policies, the question is not whether the insured event (in this case death) will occur, but simply when. If the policy has nonforfeiture values (or cash values) then the policy is assured to pay.

During recent years, the distinction between the two terms has become largely blurred. This is principally due to many companies offering both types of policy, and rather than refer to themselves using both insurance and assurance titles, they instead use just one.

[edit] Types of life insurance
Life insurance may be divided into two basic classes – temporary and permanent or following subclasses - term, universal, whole life, variable, variable universal and endowment life insurance.

[edit] Temporary (Term)
Term life insurance (term assurance in British English) provides for life insurance coverage for a specified term of years for a specified premium. The policy does not accumulate cash value. Term is generally considered "pure" insurance, where the premium buys protection in the event of death and nothing else. (See Theory of Decreasing Responsibility and buy term and invest the difference.) Term insurance premiums are typically low because both the insurer and the policy owner agree that the death of the insured is unlikely during the term of coverage.

The three key factors to be considered in term insurance are: face amount (protection or death benefit), premium to be paid (cost to the insured), and length of coverage (term).

Various (U.S.) insurance companies sell term insurance with many different combinations of these three parameters. The face amount can remain constant or decline. The term can be for one or more years. The premium can remain level or increase. A common type of term is called annual renewable term. It is a one year policy but the insurance company guarantees it will issue a policy of equal or lesser amount without regard to the insurability of the insured and with a premium set for the insured's age at that time. Another common type of term insurance is mortgage insurance, which is usually a level premium, declining face value policy. The face amount is intended to equal the amount of the mortgage on the policy owner’s residence so the mortgage will be paid if the insured dies.

A policy holder insures his life for a specified term. If he dies before that specified term is up, his estate or named beneficiary(ies) receive(s) a payout. If he does not die before the term is up, he receives nothing. In the past these policies would almost always exclude suicide. However, after a number of court judgments against the industry, payouts do occur on death by suicide (presumably except for in the unlikely case that it can be shown that the suicide was just to benefit from the policy). Generally, if an insured person commits suicide within the first two policy years, the insurer will return the premiums paid. However, a death benefit will usually be paid if the suicide occurs after the two year period.

[edit] Permanent
Permanent life insurance is life insurance that remains in force (in-line) until the policy matures (pays out), unless the owner fails to pay the premium when due (the policy expires). The policy cannot be canceled by the insurer for any reason except fraud in the application, and that cancellation must occur within a period of time defined by law (usually two years). Permanent insurance builds a cash value that reduces the amount at risk to the insurance company and thus the insurance expense over time. This means that a policy with a million dollars face value can be relatively inexpensive to a 70 year old because the actual amount of insurance purchased is much less than one million dollars. The owner can access the money in the cash value by withdrawing money, borrowing the cash value, or surrendering the policy and receiving the surrender value.

The three basic types of permanent insurance are whole life, universal life, and endowment.

[edit] Whole life coverage
Whole life insurance provides for a level premium, and a cash value table included in the policy guaranteed by the company. The primary advantages of whole life are guaranteed death benefits, guaranteed cash values, fixed and known annual premiums, and mortality and expense charges will not reduce the cash value shown in the policy. The primary disadvantages of whole life are premium inflexibility, and the internal rate of return in the policy may not be competitive with other savings alternatives. Riders are available that can allow one to increase the death benefit by paying additional premium. The death benefit can also be increased through the use of policy dividends. Dividends cannot be guaranteed and may be higher or lower than historical rates over time. Premiums are much higher than term insurance in the short-term, but cumulative premiums are roughly equal if policies are kept in force until average life expectancy.

Cash value can be accessed at any time through policy "loans". Since these loans decrease the death benefit if not paid back, payback is optional. Cash values are not paid to the beneficiary upon the death of the insured; the beneficiary receives the death benefit only. If the dividend option: Paid up additions is elected, dividend cash values will purchase additional death benefit which will increase the death benefit of the policy to the named beneficiary.

[edit] Universal life coverage
Universal life insurance (UL) is a relatively new insurance product intended to provide permanent insurance coverage with greater flexibility in premium payment and the potential for a higher internal rate of return. A universal life policy includes a cash account. Premiums increase the cash account. Interest is paid within the policy (credited) on the account at a rate specified by the company. This rate has a guaranteed minimum but usually is higher than that minimum. Mortality charges and administrative costs are charged against (reduce) the cash account. The surrender value of the policy is the amount remaining in the cash account less applicable surrender charges, if any.

With all life insurance, there are basically two functions that make it work. There's a mortality function and a cash function. The mortality function would be the classical notion of pooling risk where the premiums paid by everybody else would cover the death benefit for the one or two who will die for a given period of time. The cash function inherent in all life insurance says that if a person is to reach age 95 to 100 (the age varies depending on state and company), then the policy matures and endows the face value of the policy.

Actuarially, it is reasoned that out of a group of 1000 people, if even 10 of them live to age 95, then the mortality function alone will not be able to cover the cash function. So in order to cover the cash function, a minimum rate of investment return on the premiums will be required in the event that a policy matures.

Universal life policies guarantee, to some extent, the death proceeds, but not the cash function - thus the flexible premiums and interest returns. If interest rates are high, then the dividends help reduce premiums. If interest rates are low, then the customer would have to pay additional premiums in order to keep the policy in force. When interest rates are above the minimum required, then the customer has the flexibility to pay less as investment returns cover the remainder to keep the policy in force.

The universal life policy addresses the perceived disadvantages of whole life. Premiums are flexible. The internal rate of return is usually higher because it moves with the financial markets. Mortality costs and administrative charges are known. And cash value may be considered more easily attainable because the owner can discontinue premiums if the cash value allows it. And universal life has a more flexible death benefit because the owner can select one of two death benefit options, Option A and Option B.

Option A pays the face amount at death as it's designed to have the cash value equal the death benefit at age 95. Option B pays the face amount plus the cash value, as it's designed to increase the net death benefit as cash values accumulate. Option B does carry with it a caveat. This caveat is that in order for the policy to keep its tax favored life insurance status, it must stay within a corridor specified by state and federal laws that prevent abuses such as attaching a million dollars in cash value to a two dollar insurance policy. The interesting part about this corridor is that for those people who can make it to age 95-100, this corridor requirement goes away and your cash value can equal exactly the face amount of insurance. If this corridor is ever violated, then the universal life policy will be treated as, and in effect turn into, a Modified Endowment Contract (or more commonly referred to as a MEC).

But universal life has its own disadvantages which stem primarily from this flexibility. The policy lacks the fundamental guarantee that the policy will be in force unless sufficient premiums have been paid and cash values are not guaranteed.

Universal life policies are sometimes erroneously referred to as self-sustaining policies. In the 1980s, when interest rates were high, the cash value accumulated at a more accelerated rate, and universal life coverage was often sold by agents as a policy that could be self-paying. Many policies did sustain themselves for a prolonged period, but the combination of lower interest rates and an increasing cost of insurance as the insured ages meant that for many policies, the cash option was diminished or depleted.

Variable universal life Insurance (VUL) is not the same as universal life, even though they both have cash values attached to them. These differences are in how the cash accounts are managed; thus having a great effect on how they are treated for taxation. The cash account within a VUL is held in the insurer's "separate account" (generally in mutual funds, managed by a fund manager).

[edit] Limited-pay
Another type of permanent insurance is Limited-pay life insurance, in which all the premiums are paid over a specified period after which no additional premiums are due to keep the policy in force. Common limited pay periods include 10-year, 20-year, and paid-up at age 65.

[edit] Endowments
Main article: Endowment policy
Endowments are policies in which the cash value built up inside the policy, equals the death benefit (face amount) at a certain age. The age this commences is known as the endowment age. Endowments are considerably more expensive (in terms of annual premiums) than either whole life or universal life because the premium paying period is shortened and the endowment date is earlier.

In the United States, the Technical Corrections Act of 1988 tightened the rules on tax shelters (creating modified endowments). These follow tax rules as annuities and IRAs do.

Endowment Insurance is paid out whether the insured lives or dies, after a specific period (e.g. 15 years) or a specific age (e.g. 65).

[edit] Accidental death

Accidental death is a limited life insurance that is designed to cover the insured when they pass away due to an accident. Accidents include anything from an injury, but do not typically cover any deaths resulting from health problems or suicide. Because they only cover accidents, these policies are much less expensive than other life insurances.

It is also very commonly offered as "accidental death and dismemberment insurance", also known as an AD&D policy. In an AD&D policy, benefits are available not only for accidental death, but also for loss of limbs or bodily functions such as sight and hearing, etc.

Accidental death and AD&D policies very rarely pay a benefit; either the cause of death is not covered, or the coverage is not maintained after the accident until death occurs. To be aware of what coverage they have, an insured should always review their policy for what it covers and what it excludes. Often, it does not cover an insured who puts themselves at risk in activities such as: parachuting, flying an airplane, professional sports, or involvement in a war (military or not). Also, some insurers will exclude death and injury caused by proximate causes due to (but not limited to) racing on wheels and mountaineering.

Accidental death benefits can also be added to a standard life insurance policy as a rider. If this rider is purchased, the policy will generally pay double the face amount if the insured dies due to an accident. This used to be commonly referred to as a double indemnity coverage. In some cases, some companies may even offer a triple indemnity cover.

[edit] Related life insurance products

Riders are modifications to the insurance policy added at the same time the policy is issued. These riders change the basic policy to provide some feature desired by the policy owner. A common rider is accidental death, which used to be commonly referred to as "double indemnity", which pays twice the amount of the policy face value if death results from accidental causes, as if both a full coverage policy and an accidental death policy were in effect on the insured. Another common rider is premium waiver, which waives future premiums if the insured becomes disabled.

Joint life insurance is either a term or permanent policy insuring two or more lives with the proceeds payable on the first death.

Survivorship life or second-to-die life is a whole life policy insuring two lives with the proceeds payable on the second (later) death.

Single premium whole life is a policy with only one premium which is payable at the time the policy is issued.

Modified whole life is a whole life policy that charges smaller premiums for a specified period of time after which the premiums increase for the remainder of the policy.

Group life insurance is term insurance covering a group of people, usually employees of a company or members of a union or association. Individual proof of insurability is not normally a consideration in the underwriting. Rather, the underwriter considers the size and turnover of the group, and the financial strength of the group. Contract provisions will attempt to exclude the possibility of adverse selection. Group life insurance often has a provision that a member exiting the group has the right to buy individual insurance coverage.

[edit] Senior and preneed products
Insurance companies have in recent years developed products to offer to niche markets, most notably targeting the senior market to address needs of an aging population. Many companies offer policies tailored to the needs of senior applicants. These are often low to moderate face value whole life insurance policies, to allow a senior citizen purchasing insurance at an older issue age an opportunity to buy affordable insurance. This may also be marketed as final expense insurance, and an agent or company may suggest (but not require) that the policy proceeds could be used for end-of-life expenses.

Preneed (or prepaid) insurance policies are whole life policies that, although available at any age, are usually offered to older applicants as well. This type of insurance is designed specifically to cover funeral expenses when the insured person dies. In many cases, the applicant signs a prefunded funeral arrangement with a funeral home at the time the policy is applied for. The death proceeds are then guaranteed to be directed first to the funeral services provider for payment of services rendered. Most contracts dictate that any excess proceeds will go either to the insured's estate or a designated beneficiary.

These products are sometimes assigned into a trust at the time of issue, or shortly after issue. The policies are irrevocably assigned to the trust, and the trust becomes the owner. Since a whole life policy has a cash value component, and a loan provision, it may be considered an asset; assigning the policy to a trust means that it can no longer be considered an asset for that individual. This can impact an individual's ability to qualify for Medicare or Medicaid.

[edit] Investment policies

[edit] With-profits policies
Main article: With-profits policy
Some policies allow the policyholder to participate in the profits of the insurance company these are with-profits policies. Other policies have no rights to participate in the profits of the company, these are non-profit policies.

With-profits policies are used as a form of collective investment to achieve capital growth. Other policies offer a guaranteed return not dependent on the company's underlying investment performance; these are often referred to as without-profit policies which may be construed as a misnomer.

[edit] Insurance/Investment Bonds
Main article: Insurance bond

[edit] Pensions
Pensions are a form of life assurance. However, whilst basic life assurance, permanent health insurance and non-pensions annuity business includes an amount of mortality or morbidity risk for the insurer, for pensions there is a longevity risk.

A pension fund will be built up throughout a person's working life. When the person retires, the pension will become in payment, and at some stage the pensioner will buy an annuity contract, which will guarantee a certain pay-out each month until death.

[edit] Annuities
An annuity is a contract with an insurance company whereby the purchaser pays an initial premium or premiums into a tax-deferred account, which pays out a sum at pre-determined intervals. There are two periods: the accumulation (when payments are paid into the account) and the annuitization (when the insurance company pays out). For example, a policy holder may pay £10,000, and in return receive £150 each month until he dies; or £1,000 for each of 14 years or death benefits if he dies before the full term of the annuity has elapsed. Tax penalties and insurance company surrender charges may apply to premature withdrawals (if indeed these are allowed; in most markets outside the U.S. the policy owner has no right to end the contract prematurely).

[edit] Tax and life insurance

[edit] Taxation of life insurance in the United States
Premiums paid by the policy owner are normally not deductible for federal and state income tax purposes.

Proceeds paid by the insurer upon death of the insured are not includible in taxable income for federal and state income tax purposes; however, if the proceeds are included in the "estate" of the deceased, it is likely they will be subject to federal and state estate and inheritance tax.

Cash value increases within the policy are not subject to income taxes unless certain events occur. For this reason, insurance policies can be a legal and legitimate tax shelter wherein savings can increase without taxation until the owner withdraws the money from the policy. On flexible-premium policies, large deposits of premium could cause the contract to be considered a "Modified Endowment Contract" by the IRS, which negates many of the tax advantages associated with life insurance. The insurance company, in most cases, will inform the policy owner of this danger before applying their premium.

Tax deferred benefit from a life insurance policy may be offset by its low return or high cost in some cases. This depends upon the insuring company, type of policy and other variables (mortality, market return, etc.). Also, other income tax saving vehicles (i.e. IRA, 401K or Roth IRA) appear to be better alternatives for value accumulation, at least for more sophisticated investors who can keep track of multiple financial vehicles. The combination of low-cost term life insurance and higher return tax-efficient retirement accounts can achieve better performance, assuming that the insurance itself is only needed for a limited amount of time.

The tax ramifications of life insurance are complex. The policy owner would be well advised to carefully consider them. As always, Congress or the state legislatures can change the tax laws at any time.

[edit] Taxation of life assurance in the United Kingdom
Premiums are not usually allowable against income tax or corporation tax, however qualifying policies issued prior to 14 March 1984 do still attract LAPR (Life Assurance Premium Relief) at 15% (with the net premium being collected from the policyholder).

Non-investment life policies do not normally attract either income tax or capital gains tax on claim. If the policy has as investment element such as an endowment policy, whole of life policy or an investment bond then the tax treatment is determined by the qualifying status of the policy.

Qualifying status is determined at the outset of the policy if the contract meets certain criteria. Essentially, long term contracts (10 years plus) tend to be qualifying policies and the proceeds are free from income tax and capital gains tax. Single premium contracts and those run for a short term are subject to income tax depending upon your marginal rate in the year you make a gain. All (UK) insurers pay a special rate of corporation tax on the profits from their life book; this is deemed as meeting the lower rate (20% in 2005-06) liability for policyholders. Therefore if you are a higher rate taxpayer (40% in 2005-06), or become one through the transaction, you must pay tax on the gain at the difference between the higher and the lower rate. This gain may be reduced by applying a complicated calculation called top-slicing based on the number of years you have held the policy.

Although this is complicated, the taxation of life assurance based investment contracts may be beneficial compared to alternative equity based collective investment schemes (unit trusts, investment trusts and OEICs). One feature which especially favors investment bonds is the ability to draw 5% of the original investment amount each policy year without being subject to any taxation on the amount withdrawn. The withdrawal is deemed by HMRC (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs) to be a payment of capital and therefore the tax calculation is deferred until further encashment above the 5% limit. This is an especially useful tax planning tool for higher rate taxpayers who expect to become basic rate taxpayers at some predictable point in the future (e.g. retirement).

The proceeds of a life policy will be included in the estate for inheritance tax (IHT) purposes. Policies written in trust may fall outside the estate for IHT purposes but it's not always that simple. If in doubt you should seek profession advice from an IFA (Independent Financial Adviser) who is registered with the government regulator: the Financial Services Authority.

[edit] Pension Term Assurance
Although available before April 2006, from this date pension term assurance became widely available in the UK. Most UK product providers adopted the name "life insurance with tax relief" for the product. Pension term assurance is effectively normal term life assurance with tax relief on the premiums. All premiums are paid net of basic rate tax at 22%, and higher rate tax payers can gain an extra 18% tax relief via their tax return. Although not suitable for all, PTA briefly became one of the most common forms of life assurance sold in the UK until the Chancellor, Gordon Brown, announced the withdrawal of the scheme in his pre-budget announcement on 6 December 2006. The tax relief ceased to be available to new policies transacted after 6 December 2006, however, existing policies have been allowed to continue to enjoy tax relief so far.

[edit] History
Insurance began as a way of reducing the risk of traders, as early as 5000 BC in China and 4500 BC in Babylon. Life insurance dates only to ancient Rome; "burial clubs" covered the cost of members' funeral expenses and helped survivors monetarily. Modern life insurance started in late 17th century England, originally as insurance for traders: merchants, ship owners and underwriters met to discuss deals at Lloyd's Coffee House, predecessor to the famous Lloyd's of London.

The first insurance company in the United States was formed in Charleston, South Carolina in 1732, but it provided only fire insurance. The sale of life insurance in the U.S. began in the late 1760s. The Presbyterian Synods in Philadelphia and New York created the Corporation for Relief of Poor and Distressed Widows and Children of Presbyterian Ministers in 1759; Episcopalian priests organized a similar fund in 1769. Between 1787 and 1837 more than two dozen life insurance companies were started, but fewer than half a dozen survived.

Prior to the American Civil War, many insurance companies in the United States insured the lives of slaves for their owners. In response to bills passed in California in 2001 and in Illinois in 2003, the companies have been required to search their records for such policies. New York Life for example reported that Nautilus sold 485 slaveholder life insurance policies during a two-year period in the 1840s; they added that their trustees voted to end the sale of such policies 15 years before the Emancipation Proclamation.

[edit] Market trends
Life insurance premiums written in 2005According to a study by Swiss Re, EU was the largest market for life insurance premiums written in 2005 followed by the USA and Japan.

[edit] Criticism
Although some aspects of the application process (such as underwriting and insurable interest provisions) make it difficult, life insurance policies have been used in cases of exploitation and fraud. In the case of life insurance, there is a motivation to purchase a life insurance policy, particularly if the face value is substantial, and then kill the insured.

The television series Forensic Files has included episodes that feature this scenario. There was also a documented case in 2006, where two elderly women are accused of taking in homeless men and assisting them. As part of their assistance, they took out life insurance on the men. After the contestability period ended on the policies (most life contracts have a standard contestability period of two years), the women are alleged to have had the men killed via hit-and-run car crashes.[6]

Recently, viatical settlements have thrown the life insurance industry into turmoil. A viatical settlement involves the purchase of a life insurance policy from an elderly or terminally ill policy holder. The policy holder sells the policy (including the right to name the beneficiary) to a purchaser for a price discounted from the policy value. The seller has cash in hand, and the purchaser will realize a profit when the seller dies and the proceeds are delivered to the purchaser. In the meantime, the purchaser continues to pay the premiums. Although both parties have reached an agreeable settlement, insurers are troubled by this trend. Insurers calculate their rates with the assumption that a certain portion of policy holders will seek to redeem the cash value of their insurance policies before death. They also expect that a certain portion will stop paying premiums and forfeit their policies. However, viatical settlements ensure that such policies will with absolute certainty be paid out. Some purchasers, in order to take advantage of the potentially large profits, have even actively sought to collude with uninsured elderly and terminally ill patients, and created policies that would have not otherwise been purchased. Likewise, these policies are guaranteed losses from the insurers' perspective.

資料來源：
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Insurance

足球評術員黃興桂語錄

2008-02-06T16:50:00.000+08:00

以下係足球評術員黃興桂語錄：

1.除非有一隊先入一球, 如果唔係都幾難開到紀錄啦呢場波
2. 只要你射得中, 咁你就有機會入啦
3. 華倫好波, 所以領先 " 1- 0"!
4. 加利仔有3樣野唔好: 第1, 無速度; 第2, 跑得慢; 第3, 唔夠快呀!
5. 睇Jordan, 有今生冇來世
6. 十二碼呢家野呢，有兩個可能性，一係入，一係唔入
7. 足球就是這樣的, 贏梗一凹, 好波不妨一睇再睇
8. 哈哈,龍門最好既朋友係邊個呀？咪係龍門柱囉
9. D利物浦球迷唱緊佢地既會歌:你永遠唔會一個人行路.
10.o係今場波邊隊能夠入一"粒"先，果隊就會有優勢
11. 呢球波,如果冇龍門就入o拿
12. 呢場比賽我只可以用"一個字"黎形容---精采（明明兩個字．．．）
13. 呢球波一係入...一係龍門救到...一係出界...
14. 愛華頓呢隊波蔗渣o既價錢, 但係踢出燒鵝o既味道
15. 現代既足球,係將皮球送入網窩裡面既!
16. 呢球波史高斯好有機會入波．．．但係無機會起腳．．．
17. 呢球波係咪真係紅軍既利物浦出界架？好似擦到藍軍球員既波襪架喎
18. 呢個罰波係o係右路偏左既位置
19. 柏金呢隻老馬就好似星期三晚夜馬隻駿先鋒咁，追極都追唔到呀！
20. 利物浦的巴路士同列斯的巴基.....兩個都係姓巴........（英文名呀大佬）
21.佢既全名係冼拿馬‧邦高利，如果是旦叫冼拿馬或者邦高利就係唔岩既，你有無人叫歐陽做阿歐架？歐陽就歐陽，司徒就司徒架嘛，佢就係咁樣樣喇，冼拿馬‧邦高利，冼拿馬‧邦高利，如果我今晚叫到你全名6次，我就請你食宵夜
22. 列斯領先2:1︰領先緊一球就梗係同你死守,守住個勝果；紐卡素扳平2:2︰拿呢個就係打死守既後果
23. 阿仙奴開波幾分鐘就入波，好打好多。（被追和後）我都話，太早入波未必好架......因為有大把時間比人追
24. 拿..做防守球員最緊要係咩呀.. 咪 "安全第一囉"
25. 球迷們,足球就是這樣的
26. 現代足球講求有實力,有速度
27. 現代足球最緊要攻守兼備
28. 呢場波贏輸都唔緊要, 最緊要係唔好輸

資料來源：
http://hk.geocities.com/spiritgodzone/topic/qu_4_11_2.htm

黃興桂金句100

2008-02-06T16:49:00.002+08:00

黃興桂，十幾廿年前教過荃灣及多支本地甲組球隊，擔任espn足球評述員，折磨本地數以百萬計球迷耳朵多年。在網上找到他講波時的「金句」，不妨細心閱讀，保證你話：「點解講咁多廢話，仲有得逗人工繼續講？」

01. 領先一"凹"（明明係"粒"，係要讀成"凹"
02. 波係圓，係用來踢既
03. o係今場波邊隊能夠入一"粒"先，果隊就會有優勢
04. 睇波呢家野，睇得波多咪睇到多d好波囉
05. 防守"生"波
06. 罰波
07. 好急勁既罰波
08. 呢個罰波係o係右路偏左既位置
09. 每隊波都要有個好既死球專家 <-----經典...
10. 每隊波都要入"燕梳"既第二球
11. 所以話，現代既足球每隊波一定要有一個罰波專家
12. 現代既足球，係將皮球送入網窩裡面既（難道以前唔係？）
13. 現代足球講求有實力，有速度
14. 現代足球最緊要攻守兼備
15. 呢球波拉得咁行，唔係用腳背，係用腳既肉心呀
16. 射波最緊要射中個龍門
17. "浪射"
18. 當一隊波進攻既時候，另一隊就需要去防守
19. 十二碼呢家野呢，有兩個可能性，一係入，一係唔入
20. 呢球波一係入，一係龍門救到，一係出界
21. 呢球波，如果冇龍門就入喇
22. 呢球波射得恰到好處，唔太高，唔太矮，唔太勁又唔太遠，總之就入啦
23. 一個好既守門員可以令到場波由輸變和，由和變嬴
24. 哈哈，龍門最好既朋友係邊個呀？咪係龍門柱囉
25. 呢球波 keeper 有反應
26. xx龍門又再一次勇救險球
27. 幾時都話，後防好緊要，紐卡素就差係呢度〔利記對紐卡素重覆了大約十次〕
28. 防守球員犯左腦筋上既錯誤
29. 拿…做防守球員最緊要係咩呀？咪"安全第一囉"
30. 條防線包得無深度，裝越位失敗，咁咪失波咯
31. 個防守球員回波比龍門回得唔好，不過唔緊要，佢地好friend架，唔會鬧佢架
32. 做前鋒最緊要有力
33. 識轉身既前鋒好值錢
34. 後生、有身材、有活力
35. 當打、有態、有身材
36. 呢位球員打法好經濟
37. 呢隊波好有性格
38. 睇下隊波肯唔肯打d藍領足球
39. 場波已經擺左落雪櫃
40. o拿，傑仔！呢 D 咪就係好波囉
41. 波唔使講架，球迷自己識睇
42. 呢場比賽我只可以用"一個字"黎形容---精采
43. 嘩！睇呢場波就興奮過食興奮劑
44. 球迷們有福喇
45. 球迷們，足球就是這樣的
46. 好波不妨一睇再睇
47. 本死無大害
48. 在傷口上加鹽
49. 有時呢 D 野真係時也命也喇
50. 陰溝裏反船
51. 陰philosophy裏反船
52. 西班牙球會奧沙辛拿(Osasuna)=「奧沙桑拿」
53. 新特"能"
54. D 利物浦球迷唱緊佢地既會歌--你永遠唔會一個人行路
55. 呢場波利物浦唔理嬴幾多球，總之一定要嬴
56. 呢球波係咪真係紅軍既利物浦出界架？好似擦到藍軍球員既波襪架喎
57. 愛華頓呢隊波蔗渣o既價錢，但係踢出燒鵝o既味道
58. 巴路士，淨係識得一味去，冇諗過交俾身邊既隊友
59. 利物浦的巴路士同列斯的巴基.....兩個都係姓巴........（英文名呀大佬）
60. 伯明翰同埋保頓，兩隊波都係"Ｂ"字頭
61. 保方保方，保住後方
62. 保定保定，保住就定
63. 梅度梅度，梅開二度，跟住加多句"林伯特差Ｄ入多球，變埋梅度"
64. 近排加利仔狀態唔夠fit呀-第一佢跑得慢！第二佢唔夠快！！第三無速度！！！
65. 呢球波史高斯好有機會入波，但係無機會起腳
66. 希斯基，力的表現!
67. "O"雲仔
68. 呢球波"O"雲仔好巧妙咁編(騙)過對手﹗
69. "O"雲仔一心自己去，一定架啦......英倫三島的前鋒係唔會交波架......
70. 呢球波碧咸傳得好靚架，不過前面羅唔到咋嘛
71. 亨利：12碼都唔入，30碼又點會入呀
72. 柏金呢隻老馬就好似星期三晚夜馬隻駿先鋒咁，追極都追唔到呀！
73. 托度咁好波，D前鋒邊夠膽射佢呀
74. 哈素賓基個名咁長，個 Shoulder 冇返咁橫都印唔晒個名
75. 沙華治係中場殺手，唔係情場殺手
76. 睇下巴布爾幾大力呀，條頸幾粗呀
77. 佢既全名係冼拿馬‧邦高利，如果是旦叫冼拿馬或者邦高利就係唔岩既，你有無人叫歐陽做阿歐架？歐陽就歐陽，司徒就司徒架嘛，佢就係咁樣樣喇，冼拿馬邦高利冼拿馬‧邦高利，如果我今晚叫到你全名6次，我就請你食宵夜
78. Free.......dle (注︰要拉長尾音)
79. 呢場波可能係英倫三島兩個最佳左後衛既對決 --- (阿仙奴 vs列斯--艾殊利高爾 vs 夏迪)(但兩個球員都打自己的「左路」，怎會相遇)
80. 做唔成英雄，就做罪魁
81. 打波既野有時要睇「食送」食飯。
82. 單蹄馬
83. 球証巴巴先生
84. 唔會俾牌，英倫三島既球證唔會咁易俾牌.......真係比喎.....球證太過嚴
85. 藍色衫打得好過紅色衫
86. 今日藍色波襪踢得好過白色波襪
87. 利物浦對車仔：球場上一係藍衫，一係紅衫
88. xx 球員，今日生日啦.
89. 呢d波仲唔生日
90. 列斯領先2:1︰領先緊一球就梗係同你死守,守住個勝果;紐卡素扳平2:2︰拿,呢個就係打死守既後果
91. 阿仙奴開波幾分鐘就入波，好打好多。（被追和後）我都話，太早入波未必好架......因為有大把時間比人追丫嘛
92. 無論o係邊個時刻邊個時辰，英超既每一隊波都會有表現既
93. 領隊谷隊谷得好"應"！
94. ESPN-"超級星期天"變"和和星期天"
95. 呢D老鬼，食鹽多過你食米
96. 入到禁區就係皇帝
97. 又快又怪，又帶個波出界
98. 大家都係巴西腳，所以知你想點去架啦
99. 奧尼爾（樸茨茅夫球員）開心到跳起，跳得高過NBA果個奧尼爾
100. .(淨番10分鐘完場，紐卡素仲輸緊一球)所以話舒利亞咁大年紀，叫佢場場打正選，點會有表現呢．．．（轉個頭，舒利亞離門三十碼射個窩利世界波入網）所以話舒利亞呢個球員，真係爛船都有三斤釘呀！

資料來源：
http://www.web4share.com/viewthread.php?tid=123104

YouTube - Michael Jordan Teaching Basketball - Offense

2008-02-06T16:49:00.001+08:00

YouTube - Michael Jordan Teaching Basketball - Defense

2008-02-06T16:46:00.000+08:00

YouTube - Michael Jordan Teaching Basketball - Crossover

2008-02-06T16:45:00.000+08:00

YouTube - Michael Jordan Teaching Basketball - Movement

2008-02-06T16:44:00.000+08:00

經典美食慶團年

2008-02-05T01:41:00.001+08:00

每年的十二月至二月都是最開心的日子，因為公眾假期接踵而來，如果可以在一月上旬再放幾日假到日本掃貨便更為理想，這樣每隔兩、三個星期便有數日連假。

放假、返工、再放假這種生活以農曆新年作為高潮及終結。對我來說，農曆新年的可愛之處不只有數日假期，還有我最愛的賀年食品。一般來說過年前兩星期便會和阿媽往辦年貨，首選掃貨地點為九龍城。九龍城除了有潮式賀年食品之外，近年還開設了不少專賣高檔優質入口食品的小商舖，雖然價錢較貴，但一年總應該「豪」一次。

說起潮式賀年食品，每年皆佔據必吃食品第一位的為潮式煙鴨。這種食品只能在農曆新年前兩星期才買到。最喜歡它那種蔗渣煙燻的香味，雖然味道略鹹，但送粥送飯都令人胃口大增。如果閣下不怕油膩的話，還可以試試煙豬頭肉。

賀年食品的吸引之處又豈止煙鴨﹖最令人引頸以待的還有阿媽的兩大燃手「名菜」﹕蘿蔔糕和粗齋。阿媽蘿蔔糕的最大特式是料多，除了一般的臘腸、臘肉、冬菇、瑤柱之外，她還會加上少許肉碎來提升鮮味。另一道阿媽「名菜」為粗齋，我家愛用上海的大南乳，愛它味道較濃。這兩道看似平凡的「名菜」在我家中一年只會出現一次，可見其何等矜貴！

說回團年飯，由於家裡人數不多，每年都是由阿媽擔任大廚。不過，除了和家人團年之外，亦會和同事、朋友一起吃團年飯。今年首個團年飯局便選了在近年東山再起的鳳城酒家。

我們一行十人浩浩蕩蕩入到酒家，二話不說便點了該酒家的一系列推介經典懷舊菜式，包括脆皮炸子雞、窩貼大明蝦、大良炒鮮奶、大良野雞卷、菜片鵪鶉崧、鳳城炒飯及高湯炸粉果等。

不用吃、單看菜名和陣容已經很吸引。脆皮炸子雞炸得皮脆肉嫰，入口香脆而不油膩。窩貼大明蝦基本上是蝦多士，整隻大蝦爬在小塊麵包上，最重要是麵包經油炸後仍保持乾爽，不會吃得滿口是油。

大良炒鮮奶和大良野雞卷都是順德名菜，炒鮮奶的味道和賣相皆像蛋白，而野雞卷則是以炸透的豬油卷著雞肉，十分特別。至於菜片鵪鶉崧是我最欣賞的菜式之一。平常以菜包著肉碎的菜式便吃得多，但這裡用的是鵪鶉肉和爽口的疏菜，切得細膩的餡料加上鮮嫩翠綠的西生菜，令人包完一件又一件。

最後是鳳城炒飯和高湯炸粉果。本來大家早已不停叫嚷著很飽，但當炒飯上枱之後竟然舜間被一掃而空，可想而知有多好味。而高湯炸粉果對我來說則是全晚的驚喜之作。炸得金黃的粉果外皮帶少許甜味，而內裡則包著熱騰騰的大蝦，怎可能不好吃？

吃團年飯最重要和大班朋友談談笑笑，現再加上滿枱的美食，實在是大滿足！

資料來源：
http://hk.where.yahoo.com/a/article.html?id=5526

中國雙龍會成NBA大熱七八十美元門票爆漲至150

2008-02-05T01:40:00.000+08:00

2008年2月3日，中國球員姚明和易建聯本賽季第二次在常規賽中碰頭，在這場被美聯社等外電稱之為“中國超級碗”的比賽中，姚易兩位主角表現平平，倒是火箭隊狀態時好時壞的麥蒂搶足了鏡頭，火箭隊也因為麥蒂的出色發揮，以91︰83客場發威，奪取三連勝。

　　姚明和易建聯各為其主在NBA比賽中對抗，不僅中國球迷極為關注，連美國球迷和當地媒體也顯得興致盎然。中國駐芝加哥總領館與密爾沃基商會中國委員會也以這場比賽為契機，為推動中國與美國威斯康星州的經貿交流，于2月2日聯合舉辦了商務高層對話。

　　去年11月6日的首次姚易對決，全球超過兩億人觀看了電視轉播。收視率創NBA歷史之最，也直逼美國最熱門的橄欖球超級碗決戰。由於首次“中國德比”戰的轟動效應，本場比賽也早早就吊足了觀眾的胃口。

　　據美國媒體報導，在這場比賽之前，密爾沃基市“像過節一樣”。雄鹿隊主場被視為NBA最小的球市之一，但本場比賽之前，門票已經從平時的七八十美元爆漲至150美元左右。即便如此，1.4萬多張門票還是早早就銷售一空。前來觀戰的球迷並非都是密爾沃基當地人，很多球迷專程從芝加哥等城市趕來觀看姚明和易建聯的“中國德比”戰。

　　美國媒體估計，本場比賽的收視率不會比第一場姚易對決低，由於中國農歷新年即將到來，NBA聯盟也希望收視率能再有突破。美國有媒體把本場比賽稱作“中國雙龍會”。密爾沃基雄鹿隊也在主場做足了功課，他們準備了極具中國特色的舞獅等節目，在比賽間隙穿插表演。主隊的中國球員易建聯還忙里偷閒地客串了中央電視台的轉播嘉賓。

　　然而，“中國雙龍會”的兩位主角的演出都不算出色。《美聯社》在賽後報導中稱，“姚和易在‘中國超級碗’中的表現都很一般”。姚明在賽後表示：“我知道中國球迷都在對比我和阿聯，但比賽中，火箭隊的重心是如何防住雄鹿隊外線和他們的中鋒博古特。”《美聯社》的報導還認為，“易的表現有點辜負了他的角色”。而易建聯在賽後說：“對於我來說，這只不過是一場普通的NBA比賽而已。”

　　ESPN則以“‘中國超級碗’，麥蒂成功搶鏡”為題進行了報導。的確，這場比賽中與姚明一同首發的麥蒂得到33分、11個籃板球，還有6次助攻。火箭隊角色球員的表現也頗為搶眼，阿爾斯通得到10分,而他的助攻多達12個。在賽前剛剛當選1月NBA西部最佳球員的姚明得到12分和12個籃板球。由於位置不一樣，姚明在比賽中與易建聯對位的機會不多。而易建聯在本場比賽中被他的隊友維倫紐瓦搶走了不少風頭。易建聯僅得到6分、7個籃板球。

　　姚明和易建聯在這場比賽後，通過媒體給中國球迷“拜早年”，他們也為目前正處在冰雪災害中的同胞送上祝福。“希望祖國盡快度過雪災，這是頭等大事。”姚明的話也是兩位中國球員的心聲。

資料來源：
http://news.sina.com/oth/chinanews/405-105-105-108/2008-02-03/19362650279.html

立體畫(Stereograms Image)

2008-02-05T01:38:00.002+08:00

Xuite - NBA TV's Top 10 Alley-Oops of 2007

2008-02-05T01:38:00.001+08:00

Xuite - NBA TV's Top 10 Long Distance Shots

2008-02-05T01:37:00.000+08:00

Xuite - 新式籃球SlamBall

2008-02-05T01:36:00.002+08:00

Xuite - 飄移特技

2008-02-05T01:36:00.001+08:00

Xuite - Car Skill

2008-02-05T01:34:00.000+08:00

Wi-Fi

2008-02-04T01:34:00.000+08:00

Wi-Fi全名Wireless fidelity，是IEEE定義的一個無線網路通信的工業標準(IEEE 802.11)。

由來

Wi-Fi第一個版本發表於1997年，其中定義了介質訪問接入控制層（MAC層）和物理層。物理層定義了工作在2.4GHz的ISM頻段上的兩種無線調頻方式和一種紅外傳輸的方式，總數據傳輸速率設計為2Mbit/s。兩個設備之間的通信可以自由直接（ad hoc）的方式進行，也可以在基站（Base Station，BS）或者訪問點（Access Point，AP）的協調下進行。

1999年加上了兩個補充版本: 802.11a定義了一個在5GHz ISM頻段上的數據傳輸速率可達54Mbit/s的物理層，802.11b定義了一個在2.4GHz的ISM頻段上但數據傳輸速率高達11Mbit/s的物理層。 2.4GHz的ISM頻段為世界上絕大多數國家通用，因此802.11b得到了最為廣泛的應用。蘋果公司把自己開發的802.11標準起名叫AirPort。1999年工業界成立了Wi-Fi聯盟，致力解決符合802.11標準的產品的生產和設備兼容性問題。 802.11標準和補充。

802.11 ，1997年，原始標準(2Mbit/s 工作在2.4GHz)。
802.11a，1999年，物理層補充(54Mbit/s工作在5GHz) 。
802.11b，1999年，物理層補充(11Mbit/s工作在2.4GHz) 。
802.11c，符合802.1D的媒體接入控制層(MAC) 橋接(MAC Layer Bridging) 。
802.11d，根據各國無線電規定做的調整。
802.11e ，對服務等級(Quality of Service, QoS) 的支持。
802.11f，基站的互連性(Interoperability) 。
802.11g，物理層補充(54Mbit/s工作在2.4GHz) 。
802.11h，無線覆蓋半徑的調整，室內(indoor) 和室外(outdoor) 通道(5GHz頻段) 。
802.11i，安全和鑒權(Authentification)方面的補充。
802.11n，導入多重輸入輸出 (MIMO) 技術，基本上是802.11a的延伸版。
除了上面的IEEE標準，另外有一個被稱為IEEE802.11b+的技術，通過PBCC技術(Packet Binary Convolutional Code) 在IEEE802.11b(2.4GHz頻段) 基礎上提供22Mbit/s的數據傳輸速率。但這事實上並不是一個IEEE的公開標準，而是一項產權私有的技術(產權屬於美國德州儀器，Texas Instruments)。也有一些被稱為802.11g+的技術,在IEEE802.11g的基礎上提供108Mbit/s的傳輸速率,跟802.11b+一樣,同樣是非標準技術,由無線網路晶片生產商Atheros所提倡的則為SuperG。

技術簡述

網路成員和結構

站點(Station) ，網路最基本的組成部分。

基本服務單元(Basic Service Set, BSS) 。網路最基本的服務單元。最簡單的服務單元可以只由兩個站點組成。站點可以動態的聯結(associate)到基本服務單元中。分配系統(Distribution System, DS) 。分配系統用於連接不同的基本服務單元。分配系統使用的媒介(Medium) 邏輯上和基本服務單元使用的媒介是截然分開的，儘管它們物理上可能會是同一個媒介，例如同一個無線頻段。接入點(Access Point, AP) 。接入點即有普通站點的身份，又有接入到分配系統的功能。擴展服務單元(Extended Service Set, ESS) 。由分配系統和基本服務單元組合而成。這種組合是邏輯上，並非物理上的--不同的基本服務單元物有可能在地理位置相去甚遠。分配系統也可以使用各種各樣的技術。關口(Portal) ，也是一個邏輯成分。用於將無線區域網和有線區域網或其它網路聯繫起來。這兒有3種媒介，站點使用的無線的媒介，分配系統使用的媒介，以及和無線區域網集成一起的其它區域網使用的媒介。物理上它們可能互相重迭。IEEE802.11只負責在站點使用的無線的媒介上的定址(Addressing)。分配系統和其它區域網的定址不屬無線區域網的範圍。

IEEE802.11沒有具體定義分配系統，只是定義了分配系統應該提供的服務(Service) 。整個無線區域網定義了9種服務，

5種服務屬於分配系統的任務，分別為，聯接(Association), 結束聯接(Diassociation), 分配(Distribution), 集成(Integration), 再聯接(Reassociation) 。

4種服務屬於站點的任務，分別為，鑒權(Authentication), 結束鑒權(Deauthentication), 隱私(Privacy), MAC 數據傳輸(MSDU delivery) 。

運作原理

Wi-Fi 的設置至少需要一個Access Points (APs)和一個或一個以上的clients. AP 每100ms將SSID (Service Set Identifier, "Network name") 經由beacons(信號台)封包廣播一次,beacons封包的傳輸速率是1 Mbit/s, 並且長度相當的短，所以這個廣播動作網路效能的影響不大. 因為Wi-Fi規定的最低傳輸速率是1 Mbit/s ，所以確保所有的Wi-Fi Client端都能收到這個SSID廣播封包，client 可以藉此決定是否要和這一個SSID的AP連線。使用者可以設定要連線到哪一個SSID。Wi-Fi系統總是對用戶端開放其連接標準，並支援漫遊，這就是Wi-Fi的好處。但亦意味著, one wireless adapter may perform substantially better than the other. 由於Wi-Fi通過空氣傳送信號，所以和非交換乙太網有相同的特典。 Even collisions can therefore appear like in non-switched ethernet LAN's.

Wi-Fi認證

目前 Wi-Fi聯盟所公佈的認證種類有:

WPA/WPA2: WPA/WPA2是基於 IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g 的單模、雙模或雙頻的產品所建立的測試程序。內容包含通訊協定的驗證、無線網路安全性機制的驗證，以及網路傳輸表現與相容性測試。

WMM (Wi-Fi MultiMedia) 當影音多媒體透過無線網路的傳遞時，要如何驗證其頻寬保證的機制是否正常運作在不同的無線網路裝置及不同的安全性設定上是WMM測試的目的。

WMM Power Save: 在影音多媒體透過無線網路的傳遞時，如何透過管理無線網路裝置的待命時間來延長電池壽命，並且不影響其功能性，可以透過WMM Power Save的測試來驗證。

WPS (Wi-Fi Protected Setup) 這是一個2007年年初才發布的認證，目的是讓消費者可以透過更簡單的方式來設定無線網路裝置，並且保證有一定的安全性。目前WPS允許透過Pin Input Config (PIN)、 Push Button Config (PBC)、USB Flash Drive Config (UFD) 以及Near Field Communication Contactless Token Config (NFC) 的方式來設定(Configure) 無線網路裝置。
ASD (Application Specific Device) 這是針對除了無線網路存取點(Access Point)及站台(Station) 之外其他有特殊應用的無線網路裝置，例如DVD 播放器、投影機、印表機…等等。
CWG (Converged Wireless Group) 主要是針對 Wi-Fi mobile converged devices 的 RF 部分測量的測試程序。

外部連結

Wi-Fi聯盟
http://www.wi-fi.org/

Wi-Fi認證實驗室
http://www.allion.com.tw/s_compliance_wifi.html

資料來源：
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wi-Fi&variant=zh-tw

Nokia

2008-02-04T01:33:00.002+08:00

諾基亞公司（Nokia Corporation， NYSE：NOK）是一家移動通信產品跨國公司，總部位於芬蘭。在行動電話產品市場上，諾基亞已經多年佔據市場佔有率第一的位置。2005年，諾基亞公司（Nokia）手機發貨量約2.64億部，是位居美國的第二名摩托羅拉公司的1.8倍（其發貨量為1.45億台，市場佔有率約17.7%），占了全球市場佔有率的32.1％[1]。此外，它在通信網路設備製造（主要是GSM和WCDMA網路）及移動多媒體應用開發等領域的實力也處於世界前列，並可為企業級的用戶提供無線連通解決方案。

諾基亞（Nokia）一詞源自於古芬蘭字「nois」 - 一種棲息在諾基亞河（Nokia River）兩岸類似遠古貂鼠的小型黑貂。作為地名，諾基亞（Nokia）的原意僅指諾基亞（Nokia）領地，後來諾基亞（Nokia）也被用來指稱住在帕卡拉教區（Pirkkala）諾基亞（Nokia）領地上的人們。

諾基亞公司（Nokia）於1865年成立之後，當地人開始更常用諾基亞（Nokia）來指稱當時正欣欣向榮的整個工業區。為了表彰當地最大的工業設施和僱主，1937年建立的Pohjois-Pirkkala鎮於一年後改名為諾基亞（Nokia）鎮。1977年，諾基亞（Nokia）鎮又升格為諾基亞（Nokia）市。諾基亞（Nokia）市的市徽上便是一隻黑貂爬行於一條藍溪中。

最初的諾基亞公司(Nokia Ab)是由一位名叫弗雷德里克·依德斯塔姆（Fredrik Idestam）的芬蘭工程師於1865年的創立的，當時主要從事紙漿的生產及造紙業務。1967年，諾基亞公司（Nokia Ab）與芬蘭橡膠廠（Finnish Rubber Works Ltd, 成立於1896年）以及芬蘭電纜廠（Finnish Cable Works，成立於1912年）進行了合併，從而形成了我們今天所看到的諾基亞公司（Nokia Corporation）。

如今，諾基亞公司（Nokia）專注於移動通信相關產品的研發與製造，包括行動電話產品及多媒體、娛樂、通信網路和企業級的解決方案。

2005年，諾基亞公司（Nokia）的銷售額達到了341.9億歐元（約合485.5億美元），利潤收入為46.4億歐元（約合61億美元），利潤率為13.6%。截至2005年底，公司在全球8個國家擁有14家工廠，並在11個國家設立了研發中心，僱員人數達到了約58800人[2]。作為一家公眾持股的公司，諾基亞分別在芬蘭的赫爾辛基、瑞典的斯德哥爾摩、法國的巴黎、德國的法蘭克福以及美國的紐約掛牌上市。

資料來源：
http://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nokia&variant=zh-tw

Xuite - 雲上太陽

2008-02-04T01:33:00.001+08:00

Xuite - 雲上太陽(手語歌)

2008-02-04T01:32:00.002+08:00

Xuite - 詩歌(恩典太美麗)

2008-02-04T01:32:00.001+08:00

Xuite - 卡達跳過7尺巨人入樽

2008-02-04T01:31:00.002+08:00

Xuite - 搞笑白熊04(企鵝)

2008-02-04T01:31:00.001+08:00